This article is dedicated to the research of innovation processes at the regional level. There patterns of innovation processes and innovation activity applying modern management approach are considered. There dynamics analysis of such regional innovation activity indicators as number of organizations that perform the research; technology innovations cost; research and development inner cost; investment in equity; volume shipped innovation products is made based on statistic data. As an example of nature of the impact of these indicators to innovation environment of the region, the authors used the economic data of Saint Petersburg city. Additionally, there dynamics of analysing indicators is established, the reasons of their increase and decrease in the various time periods under the influence of political and external-economic factors is detected. In summary, the conclusion on current intensification of innovation processes in Saint Petersburg that reflects on both innovation activity data and territorial infrastructure, is made. The common tendency to increase the region innovation activity exists, despite the decrease of the number of organisations that perform researches and developments. These findings, achieved based on completed research, can be used to forecast the region innovation activity level, as well as for optimization of innovative activity indicators of the companies.
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The article discusses the results of a statistical analysis of increases and decreases in the average daily air temperature, presented as waves of heat and cold. By a wave of heat (cold) we mean a change in the average daily air temperature by three degrees or more that lasted for at least two days. If a wave of heat (cold) was interrupted by one day of cooling (warming) or isothermy, such cases were considered a single wave. All waves were divided into dry and wet. A wave was considered wet if there was precipitation on at least one day during the development of this wave. We calculated the frequency of occurrence, duration of dry and wet waves, and the number of days with precipitation for each wave. The analysis was carried out for waves of different intensities. On average, the number of warm and cold waves per year is the same. Approximately the same number of warm and cold waves occur in winter and summer. In spring, heat waves prevail over cold waves, while in autumn the trend is opposite. The average duration of a wave is 4 days. The more intense the wave, the longer its duration. The majority of waves are wet. Precipitation accompanies 85% of heat waves and 75% of cold waves. Precipitation falls on about half the days of the wave’s duration. Cold waves are quite often interrupted by one-day increases in the average daily temperature. It is during these days that precipitation is observed. Synoptic analysis has shown that such cases of one-day ‘interruption’ of cold waves are associated with active processes of cyclogenesis on cold fronts. Wave formation at the cold front stimulates precipitation.
The Russian Federation in recent years has become a world leader in the production of grain crops. A significant contribution to increasing the volume of harvesting is made by the regions located in the European part, in which the leaders in the production of grain and leguminous crops are the Voronezh, Lipetsk and Kursk regions. The growth in the production of grain and leguminous crops in these areas was facilitated by state support for agriculture, black soil, favorable climatic conditions, etc. But weather conditions do not always contribute to the annual collection of record harvests. To assess the degree of influence of weather conditions on the yield of grain and leguminous crops, it is necessary to analyze the relationship between agro meteorological characteristics and annual yield indicators for the period from 2013 to 2018. The results obtained in the future will make it possible to refine the methods for forecasting agro meteorological resources for the growing season and, accordingly, forecasting the future harvest.
The article considers the temperature and humidity regime of the Left Bank of the Saratov region in various natural climatic periods of the state of the earth’s climate system – the first wave of global warming, stabilization, the second wave of global warming. It is noted that against the background of rising temperatures from one climatic period to another in the Trans-Volga region, the amount of precipitation in the cold half of the year increases. The trend in precipitation during the warm period is ambiguous. Against the background of the second wave of global warming, at two of the studied stations, an increase in the amount of precipitation during the warm half of the year is observed, and at the other two ones a decrease occurs. Calculation of hydrothermal coefficients revealed a trend of increasing the degree of aridity in the Left Bank of the Saratov region. The authors conclude that there is an increase in hydrometeorological risks of crop cultivation in this area.
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