Objectives The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the prognostic utility of the Animal Trauma Triage Score (ATTS) and Modified Glasgow Coma Scale (MGCS) in cats with high-rise syndrome. Methods ATTS and MGCS were obtained upon arrival from 25 client-owned cats presented for high-rise syndrome. Cases were followed during hospitalisation and several variables, including outcome, were recorded. Results The mortality rate in this cohort of cats with high-rise syndrome was 16%. Univariate statistical analysis showed that lactate ( P = 0.022), creatinine ( P = 0.01), body weight ( P = 0.036) and ATTS ( P = 0.02) were higher and MGCS ( P = 0.011) lower among non-survivors. Multivariable statistical analysis showed that ATTS was the only factor significantly associated with mortality (odds ratio 2.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–5.71; P = 0.046). A receiver operating characteristics curve showed that ATTS was an excellent predictor of mortality (area under the curve 0.917, 95% CI 0.8–1.0; P = 0.009). An ATTS cut-off of 6.0 had a 75% sensitivity and 90% specificity for non-survival and a cut-off of 10 had a 25% sensitivity and 100% specificity for non-survival. Conclusions and relevance ATTS is predictive of severity and outcome in cats with high-rise syndrome and can help facilitate decision-making by owners and veterinarians.
A 3 mo old, female, entire Labrador retriever presented with vomiting, diarrhea, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and stunted growth. Diagnostics revealed the presence of juvenile diabetes mellitus and concurrent exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Pancreatic histopathology showed severe pancreatic atrophy. Successful treatment was achieved with a combination of insulin and pancreatic enzymes. This report describes successful long-term treatment of juvenile diabetes mellitus and concurrent exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in a dog.
Background
Oesophageal pneumatosis (OP) is defined as the presence of gas within the oesophageal wall. The description of this condition in veterinary medicine is currently lacking. The pathogenesis of alimentary tract pneumatosis remains unclear. Current literature describes that access of gas into the oesophageal wall may occur by one or a combination of the following mechanisms: mucosal disruption, increased intra or extra‐luminal pressure or dissection of gas from an extra‐oesophageal source.
Objectives
The aim of this multi‐centric case series was to describe the computed tomography (CT) findings of OP in dogs.
Methods
Three adult dogs were included. One dog presented with gastrointestinal signs and general malaise while the other two presented with spontaneous facial and cervical subcutaneous emphysema.
Results
CT revealed different degrees of intramural gas along the oesophageal wall in all cases. The first dog was diagnosed with emphysematous gastritis based on the presence of gastric pneumatosis paired with compatible clinicopathological and endoscopic findings. This dog was successfully treated with antibiotics. The remaining two dogs were diagnosed with spontaneous pneumomediastinum and required no surgical or medical treatment.
Conclusions
In all cases with OP, there was concurrent gastric pneumatosis. Gas extensively and circumferentially distributed with a banded shape along the oesophageal wall was present in patients with presumed mural gas dissection because of pneumomediastinum. Conversely, a focal and mild amount of mural gas with a tubular shape was identified in the distal segment of the oesophagus in the patient with emphysematous gastritis.
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