Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes in a population of dogs with negative-pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) and to identify the main causes of the disease. To evaluate any associations with morbidity and mortality.Design: Retrospective study.Setting: Three university teaching hospitals and 2 private referral centers in the United Kingdom.Animals: Thirty-five client-owned dogs presented with NPPE. Interventions: NoneMeasurements and main results: Data collected included patient characteristics, clinical history, clinicopathological abnormalities, radiographic features, treatments, and outcomes. The median age was 4 months (range 2-90) and median weight was 7.1 kg (range 1.7-37.2). There were many causes of NPPE including leash tugs, near hanging, accidental choking, anatomical obstruction to airflow, and purposeful airway obstruction by people. The most common cause of NPPE was accidental choking (40% of cases). Dogs with an anatomical obstruction were older than 24 months. Hypoxemia with an increased alveolar-arterial gradient was common on presentation. The majority of thoracic radiographs (65.7%) showed an alveolar or interstitial pattern in the caudodorsal area as previously described in the literature. Oxygen therapy was administered to 33 (94.3%) dogs. Furosemide was administered to 18 (51.4%) dogs. The median length of hospitalization was 2 days (range 0-14). Twenty-eight (80%) dogs survived to discharge. Seven dogs were mechanically ventilated and only 2 of them (28.6%) survived to discharge. The requirement for mechanical ventilation was the only parameter associated with mortality (P < 0.001).

Objective: To investigate whether the donation of 1 unit of blood results in a significant decrease in the caudal vena cava diameter (CVCd) and the caudal vena cava diameter to aortic diameter (CVCd:Aod) ratio measured at the iliac location. Interventions:Eight healthy client-owned Greyhounds underwent ultrasound of their caudal vena cava and aorta before and after blood donation. The principal investigator obtained M-mode images of the blood vessels from all dogs and a secondary investigator measured the CVCd and aortic diameter in a blinded manner from stored images. The ratio of CVCd:Aod was then calculated. After assessing for normality, paired-sample t-tests were performed to compare mean values before and after donation.Main Results: The mean (±SD) CVCd before and after blood donation were 15.84 mm (±5.06 mm) and 15.82 mm (±5.42 mm) and the CVCd:Aod ratios were 0.93 (±0.23) and 1.00 (±0.27), respectively. There was no statistical difference between pre-and postdonation values for CVCd (P = 0.99) or CVCd:Aod (P = 0.34). Conclusion:The measurement of CVCd and CVCd:Aod ratio with ultrasound at the iliac location failed to detect mild-to-moderate blood loss produced by the donation of 1 unit of blood in Greyhounds. K E Y W O R D Scanine, blood loss, central venous pressure, vessel diameter, ultrasoundThe authors declare no conflict of interest.

Cervical ultrasound has high sensitivity and moderate specificity for ET intubation, and may be a useful tool to confirm ET intubation in dogs.

A 3-year-old domestic shorthair cat was witnessed ingesting mushrooms and developed signs of muscarine intoxication. After stabilisation and treatment with atropine the cat recovered well and was discharged from hospital in 2 days. This report describes the features and successful management of this unusual toxicosis in cats.