This study evaluated the in vivo potential antihypertensive effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Syzygium cumini leaves (HESC) in normotensive Wistar rats and in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), as well as its in vitro effect on the vascular reactivity of resistance arteries. The hypotensive effect caused by intravenous infusion of HESC (0.01–4.0 mg/kg) in anesthetized Wistar rats was dose-dependent and was partially inhibited by pretreatment with atropine sulfate. SHR received HESC (0.5 g/kg/day), orally, for 8 weeks and mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and vascular reactivity were evaluated. Daily oral administration of HESC resulted in a time-dependent blood pressure reduction in SHR, with a maximum reduction of 62%. In the endothelium-deprived superior mesenteric arteries rings the treatment with HESC reduced by 40% the maximum effect (E max) of contraction induced by NE. The contractile response to calcium and NE of endothelium-deprived mesenteric rings isolated from untreated SHR was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner by HESC (0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/mL). This study demonstrated that Syzygium cumini reduces the blood pressure and heart rate of SHR and that this antihypertensive effect is probably due to the inhibition of arterial tone and extracellular calcium influx.
Hypertension is associated with endothelial dysfunction characterized by decreased vasorelaxation. Our research group recently demonstrated that hydroalcoholic extract of Syzygium cumini leaves (HESc) reduces the blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). This study evaluated the ability of HESc and chloroform fraction (CF) in promoting vasorelaxation on resistance arteries rings. Endothelium-deprived superior mesenteric artery rings were suspended in organ baths containing warm perfusion medium that was continuously bubbled with carbogen and then the vasorelaxant ability of HESc and CF were assayed. The cumulative additions of HESc (0.1 to 10 mg/mL) caused a concentration-dependent relaxant response, in precontracted preparations by NE or KCl. CF (0.1 to 1.0 mg/mL) exhibited remarkable vasorelaxant activity in preparations endothelium-denuded precontracted with NE, in a concentration-dependent manner. The pretreatment of TEA did not decrease significantly in relaxation. The incubation of CF (0.25 and 0.5 mg/ml) reduced in a concentrationdependent way, the E max induced by NE in mesenteric artery, however, did not altered the pD 2 of the NE. Additionally, CF promoted concentration-dependent manner, maximal effect inhibition and also led to a significant rightward shift in the concentration-response curve for Ca 2+ in endothelium-denuded rings. This finding indicates that S. cumini acts as a vasorelaxant agent and interfere with the responsiveness of vascular smooth muscle cell, probably acting on the regulation of intracellular Ca 2+ levels through voltage-operated calcium channels.
O Manual trás de forma clara todo o alicerce necessário aos que procuram adquirir, de modo objetivo, competências na área em questão. O conteúdo da produção foi minuciosamente escolhido e divido em 15 capítulos, que se seguidos ordenadamente, proporcionarão uma adequada formação do conhecimento técnico aos leitores. A jornada começa, imprescindivelmente, pela ética em experimentação de animais, passando pelo biotério, anatomia, fármacos, tempos operatórios, degermação/paramentação, até os instrumentais cirúrgicos, agulhas/fios e as suturas simples e contínuas.
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O miofibrosarcoma tem sido descrito na oncologia veterinária como um grupo de tumor maligno composto por células com características de miofibroblastos. Esse tipo de tumor é incomum, apresentando predileção pela região da cabeça e pescoço e assim demonstrando distribuição anatômica variável. Os animais geralmente apresentam aumento de volumes, dificuldades de deambulação, mastigação, a depender da região afetada. O diagnóstico baseia-se inicialmente na avaliação clínica, após observação dos sinais da doença, e em exames complementares como exames de sangue, radiografia, tomografia, citologia e bióspsia da lesão. A cirurgia para remoção do tumor constitui-se como tratamento de primeira escolha e posteriormente é indicada a realização de quimioterapia e radioterapia neoadjuvantes. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso de Mixofibrossarcoma de Alto Grau, detectado por exame histopatológico e imuno-histoquímico em paciente do sexo feminino, de um 11meses de idade, SRD, atendido em clínica veterinária localizada na cidade de São Luís -MA, apresentando inicialmente nódulo em região de mandíbula esquerda, com rápida evolução e crescimento progressivo após remoção cirúrgica, apresentando metástase no ato do atendimento, porém com intuito de dar maior sobrevida, optou-se pela mandibulectomia parcial e realização de quimioterapia no pós cirúrgico, porém o tutor recusou-se a realizar a quimioterapia na canina ocorrendo óbito após apresentar dificuldades respiratória devido inúmeras metástases.
Doze cadelas foram submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia utilizando-se meperidina (1mg/kg) por via epidural. Foram avaliados parâmetros de frequências cardíaca e respiratória, temperatura retal, pressões arteriais (PAS, PAD, PAM), variáveis eletrocardiográficas (Ps, PmV, QRS e R), relaxamento do esfíncter anal, ataxia, grau de sedação e anestesia, além do comportamento dos animais. Foi observado a diminuição da frequência cardíaca (mais acentuada no T2), diminuição da frequência respiratória (consideravelmente a partir do T1), redução da temperatura retal, (porém, mantendo-se dentro dos valores basais), relaxamento do esfíncter anal e sedação em grau máximo, não foram encontradas alterações eletrocardiográficas nem hipotensão. Conclui-se que a utilização da meperidina isolada por via peridural produz analgesia pós-operatória satisfatória, sem, no entanto, acarretar efeitos sistêmicos negativos.
Objectives Bone fractures are very common diseases, which can be caused by impact injuries or physiological disorders. Thus, the present review aimed to study the use of medicinal plants in the healing mechanism of bone fractures. Evidence acquisition Through research in the PubMed, Google Academic, and Scielo databases, this article reviews 11 ethnopharmacological studies and 34 preclinical studies on the biological actions of different plants in bone fracture healing mechanism. Results Indian tribes have highlighted in the plants ethnopharmacological study for various diseases, including bone fractures. However, despite the large citations of traditional use, technical-scientific studies are still scarce in the literature. Chenopodium ambrosioides, Piper sarmentosum, quadrangular Cissus, Ricinus communis and Radix salvia miltiorrhiza plants were the most studied in the literature regarding their osteogenic, angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and remodeling effects, acting on bone receptors, stimulating bone metabolism, increasing minerals uptake, and assisting in free radicals breakdown. Conclusion Thus, the medicinal plants use is promising in the field of bone regeneration, as well as being alternative when conventional therapies are unfeasible, increasing herbal medicines demand and popularity.
Syzygium cumini is a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat cardiometabolic disorders. This study proposed to evaluate the cardiopreventive effect of the hydroalcoholic extract from the S. cumini leaves (HESc) on ischemic injury isoproterenol (ISO)-induced in rats. Male albino Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were pre-treated with HESc or water for 15 days. They received a challenge with ISO (85 mg/kg) on the 14th and 15th days for induction of ischemic injury. For all animals were obtained electrocardiographic parameters predictive of the lesion in addition to evaluation of troponin I changes in animals. We also realized a phytochemical screening, and in vitro antioxidant activity including 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical. HESc was found to be rich in flavonoids, and high antioxidant potential. Addictionaly, increased the survival rate and reversed ventricular remodeling caused by isoproterenol-induced ischemic injury in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of ST segment elevation, impairmentf QT interval prolongation, reduction of Troponin I levels also were observed in animals pretreated with HESc. Our results suggest that pretreatment with HESc reduces myocardial injury and simple phenols and flavonols are likely to be responsible for its effect on cardiomyocyte integrity, confirming that S. cumini is a promising plant source of bioactive compounds for the treatment of ischemic syndromes.
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