Rock quarries are often in close proximity to residential areas. Consequently the re-establishment of forest vegetation is desirable. However, reclamation methods for the eastern US have been developed primarily for the coal mining industry, on overburden which differs in chemical and physical properties from quarry overburden. The objective of this study was to test the material placement technique used for reforestation in coal mine reclamation, and to determine whether lime or nitrogen application will enhance early tree growth on this overburden material. Twelve rectangular plots were constructed of overburden materials from a limestone quarry. Six of the plots were lightly graded with a single pass of a bulldozer, and the other six remained ungraded. Liquid lime was applied to one half of each plot, and fertilizer (20:20:20) was applied at a rate that provided 100 Kg/ha or 400 Kg/ha N to randomly selected plots in a manner that created three replicates of all lime, fertilizer, and overburden placement treatment combinations. Monocultural blocks of Castanea dentata (American chestnut), Pinus echinata (shortleaf pine) and Quercus alba (white oak) nursery seedlings were planted on 1 x 1 m spacing in all treatment combinations. All three species showed a positive growth response to the higher fertilizer application rate. This response to fertilizer was pronounced in both chestnut and white oak, but these species showed no growth response to lime application. Shortleaf pine showed reduced growth in root collar diameter and height in response to lime, although the reduction in diameter growth was overcome by the addition of more fertilizer. The growth of both chestnut and pine was negatively affected by single-pass grading and interactions between grading and soil amendment treatments were found. At this stage of the study, it can be concluded that interactions between pH, nutrients, and material placement can have an important influence on the post-planting performance of different tree species.
O presente trabalho foi realizado em Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil. Os autores fizeram observações sôbre a posição que as gemas ocupam na base das bainhas das fôlhas da bananeira e às quais estão associadas. Utilizaram o cultivar Musa (Grupo AAA, Sub-Grupo Cavendish) "Nanic ão", classificado de acôrdo com a nomenclatura de SIMMONDS (1966). Chegaram às seguintes conclusões: 1. As gemas associadas às bases das bainhas foliares estão colocadas em sua metade esquerda. 2. A metade direita das bainhas encobre as gemas colocadas mais internamente no caule da bananeira. 3. A disposição das gemas no caule é função da filotaxia da planta.
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