ObjectiveThe aim of our study is to assess the rate of concussion occurring while engaging in nontraditional sports such as Quidditch, and the effects that injury during a novelty sport may have on concussion detection when compared to more traditional sports.BackgroundConcussions, once dismissed as nonconsequential, are rapidly attracting notice for acute and long-term health effects. Rates of recovery with repeated trauma is known to decrease with each occurrence. In novelty sports, regulation of concussions and proper return-to-play(RTP) protocol are not routinely enforced, resulting in repetitive injury to the detriment of players.Design/MethodsIRB approval was obtained prior to survey distribution to all players associated with Major League Quidditch (MLQ). Responses were recorded and analyzed.Results157 responses were received. 63% were male and 37% female with mean age 22.9. 146 (93%) respondents confirmed or denied quidditch-related head injury. 22 (15%) denied head injury and 124 (85%) indicated hitting their heads while participating in the sport. 19% of respondents indicated >10 head injuries. 67 (54%) reported suspected concussion with an additional 41 (33%) reporting formal diagnosis with at least one concussion. EMS reported 18 injuries at MLQ matches. 5 (27.8%) were preliminarily diagnosed with concussion. 3 had no further treatment, 1 RTP and 1 received basic care. 0 recieved formal neurologic evaluation. Players were also asked about head injuries sustained in non-quidditch activities for comparison. 43 (27%) reported having medically diagnosed concussions outside of quidditch. 53 (34%) reported at least one suspected concussion without formal diagnosis. 24 (15%) answered maybe.ConclusionsOur data supports that concussion is a significant burden in novelty sports such as quidditch. It is vital to recognize that with the rise of nontraditional sports, the prevalence of concussions in younger nontraditional athletes may be underreported and that concussion specialists must be cognizant of both traditional and novelty sports when evaluating long term effects of head trauma.
Background
Neuroinflammation is important in the pathophysiology of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and peripheral inflammatory cells play a role in the clinical evolution and outcome.
Methodology
Blood samples from ICH patients (n = 20) were collected at admission for 5 consecutive days for peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Frozen PBMCs were used for real-time PCR using Taqman probes (NFKB1, SOD1, PPARG, IL10, NFE2L2, and REL) and normalized to GAPDH. Data on hospital length of stay and modified Rankin score (MRS) were collected with 90-day MRS ≤ 3 as favorable outcome. Statistical analysis of clinical characteristics to temporal gene expression from early to delayed timepoints was compared for MRS groups (favorable vs unfavorable) and hematoma volume.
Principle findings and results
IL10, SOD1, and REL expression were significantly higher at delayed timepoints in PBMCs of ICH patients with favorable outcome. PPARG and REL increased between timepoints in patients with favorable outcome. NFKB1 expression was not sustained, but significantly decreased from higher levels at early onset in patients with unfavorable outcome. IL10 expression showed a negative correlation in patients with high hematoma volume (>30 mL).
Conclusions and significance
Anti-inflammatory, pro-survival regulators were highly expressed at delayed time points in ICH patients with a favorable outcome, and IL10 expression showed a negative correlation to high hematoma volume.
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