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The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to evaluate whether the use of calcium hydroxide (CH) liner improves the clinical success in the treatment of deep caries lesions of primary and permanent teeth. The review was reported in accordance with the PRISMA Statement. Only studies that evaluated deep carious lesions treated with and without a CH liner were included. The required outcomes had to be obtained by clinical, radiographic or laboratory evaluations. Statistical analyses were performed with the RevMan 5.2 program (The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark) for randomized clinical trials with at least 12 months of follow‐up, using fixed‐effect models at a significance level of P < 0.05. The literature search was performed in eight databases: PubMed (MEDLINE), Lilacs, IBECS, BBO, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO and The Cochrane Library. A total of 17 studies were included (15 in primary teeth, two in permanent teeth). The overall risk difference for CH versus adhesive system in primary teeth was 0.06 [95% CI −0.01 to 0.13], and the overall risk difference for CH versus GIC was 0.10 [95% CI −0.01 to 0.22], with no significant differences between materials. CH liner did not influence the clinical success of treatment for deep caries lesions of primary or permanent teeth. Although the present analysis demonstrated that use of CH liner in deep caries lesions was unnecessary, the evidence was of moderate to very low quality; thus, further well‐designed, randomized and controlled clinical trials are necessary to provide stronger recommendations.

Clinical Relevance The literature reviewed suggests that airborne particle abrasion has no negative effects on the bond strength of resin-based materials to dentin and that a positive influence on dentin bond strength was only achieved in specific air-abrasion conditions.

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SUMMARY This study investigated the stability of the optical properties of high-translucent shades of dental resin-based composites. Four commercial materials (Filtek Z350 XT, Opallis, Amelogen Plus, and IPS Empress Direct) and 14 non-Vita shades were tested. Disc-shaped specimens for each resin-based composite-shade combination (n=6) were evaluated at T0 (baseline), T1 (after 30 days of storage in water), and T2 (after 30 days of storage each in water and a coffee solution). Color measurements were performed according to the L′C′h′ color system. Translucency Parameter (TP) and CIEDE2000 color difference (ΔE00) were calculated. Data were statistically analyzed at α = 0.05. Baseline TP values varied from 43 ± 1 to 55 ± 1. Changes in TP at T1 varied from −3.0% (Opallis T-Neutral) to 4.2% (Amelogen Plus Trans Orange), with no major differences from T0. At T2, most resin-based composites showed significantly increased opacity, with changes varying between −15.0% (Empress Direct Trans 20) and −2.7% (Z350 XT Blue). However, the TP values were ≥40 throughout the study. Storage in water caused negligible color differences, with ΔE00 values at T1 ≤ 0.9 ± 0.6. At T2, all materials tested showed significant color difference, and ΔE00 ≥ 3.2 ± 0.2. The orange shades from Opallis and Amelogen Plus showed lower color variation than did the other shades. The most significant optical changes upon storage were detected in the hue and particularly the chroma color coordinate. In conclusion, the high-translucent resin-based composites showed large variability in the stability of their optical properties among the tested brands and different shades of the same material. Regardless of the storage condition, the tested resin-based composites retained their high-translucency character over time.

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