Motherhood induces a series of adaptations in the physiology of the female, including an increase of maternal brain plasticity and a reduction of cell damage in the hippocampus caused by kainic acid (KA) excitotoxicity. We analysed the role of lactation in glial activation in the hippocampal fields of virgin and lactating rats after i.c.v. application of 100 ng of KA. Immunohistochemical analysis for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionised calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1), which are markers for astrocytes and microglial cell-surface proteins, respectively, revealed differential cellular responses to KA in lactating and virgin rats. A significant astrocyte and microglial response in hippocampal areas of virgin rats was observed 24 h and 72 h after KA. By contrast, no increase in either GFAP- or Iba-1-positive cells was observed in response to KA in the hippocampus of lactating rats. Western blot analysis of GFAP showed an initial decrease at 24 h after KA treatment, with an increase at 72 h in the whole hippocampus of virgin but not of lactating rats. The number of GFAP-positive cells was increased by lactation in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus but not in CA1 and CA3 areas. The present results indicate that lactating rats exhibit diminished responses of astrocyte and microglial cells in the hippocampus to damage induced by KA, supporting the notion that the maternal hippocampus is resistant to excitotoxic insults.
RESUMENLa riqueza natural de México lo posiciona entre los cinco países mega diversos del planeta (SEMARNAT, 2000), comprometiéndolo a desarrollar políticas públicas y acciones sistemáticas para la protección y conservación de especies y hábitats. En este contexto, la Reserva de la Biósfera Mariposa Monarca, localizada en los estados de Michoacán y México, enfrenta significativos retos en materia de protección de las especies animales y vegetales que la hacen representativa, es decir, todas aquellas que conforman el entorno de la Mariposa Monarca (Danaus plexippus), particularmente por el uso turístico que se ha asignado a varios corredores dentro de la reserva. Ante las diversas presiones por parte de los actores sociales involucrados con dicho territorio, proponemos realizar un análisis de los beneficios directos e indirectos generados por los servicios ecosistémicos, particularmente los que se relacionan con el turismo, para visualizar su inclusión en las políticas públicas.Palabras clave: Servicios ecosistémicos, turismo, Mariposa Monarca.
ABSTRACTMexico´s natural wealth positions it among the five most diverse countries in the planet (Semarnat, 2000), committing it to the development of public policies and systematic actions aimed at protecting and preserving species and habitats. Within this context, the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve, located in the states of Este es un artículo Open Access bajo la licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0
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