Worldwide, breast cancer is the most common disease in women and constitutes the second leading cause of cancer death in this population. The factors that contribute to the risk of occurrence are divided into nonmodifiable and modifiable factors. Although there are interventions in primary care to prevent the disease, these measures have not produced the desired changes in women’s health. This article reviews the major modifiable risk factors for breast cancer and describes how these factors can affect the incidence of cancer in women. This information shows that modifiable risk factors (such as physical activity, diet, obesity, and use of alcohol and tobacco) can influence the occurrence of breast cancer, in part depending on the life stage of a woman, including menopausal status. Timely prevention at the primary care level is one of the most important areas on which health professionals need to focus in order to help reduce the incidence of breast cancer.
The National Undergraduate Accreditation Commission has been taking care of the accreditation process in several Nursing Schools, whose results are analyzed in this article, given the limited evidence of strengths and weaknesses. The objective is to analyze the first results obtained by that commission about the current development of Nursing in the country.The strengths obtained are: experience, qualification, commitment of teaching staff; welldefined study programs; adequate clinical training fields and infrastructure. Weaknesses are: reduced number of teachers; a curricular approach emphasizing biomedicine over nursing, low use of participative teaching methods; increasing difficulty to access exclusive clinical areas, and insufficient bibliographic resources. Conclusion: It is urgent that all Nursing Schools submit to universal criteria and standards, establishing minimum graduation levels for students, as well as the real state of the quality of nursing education in the country. experiência, qualificação, compromisso do corpo docente, plano de estudos definidos, infraestrutura e campos clínicos adequados. Como fraqueza obteve-se: reduzido número de docentes, modelo curricular biomédico sobrepondo-se ao modelo de disciplinas, baixa utilização de metodologias participativas de ensino, dificuldade crescente de acesso a campos clínicos exclusivos e bibliografia insuficiente. Conclui-se sobre a importância de todas as escolas de enfermagem se submeterem ao processo de acreditação, para que exista consenso sobre os níveis mínimos de qualidade, estabelecendo graus de qualificação na formação dos estudantes, como também para estabelecer a situação da profissão da enfermagem no país.Descritores: Educação em Enfermagem; Escolas de Enfermagem; Acreditação de Programas. Análisis de resultados de los procesos de acreditación de la carrera de enfermería em ChileLa Comisión Nacional de Acreditación de Pregrado chilena ha estado realizando la acreditación de las Escuelas de Enfermería, cuyos resultados son analizados en este artículo, dada la escasa evidencia respecto a las fortalezas y debilidades de las Escuelas evaluadas. El objetivo es analizar los primeros resultados obtenidos por esa Comisión respecto al desarrollo actual de la Enfermería en el país. Se obtuvieron como Fortalezas: experiencia, calificación, compromiso del cuerpo docente, plan de estudios definido, infraestructura, y campos clínicos adecuados. Y como Debilidades: reducido número de docentes, preponderancia curricular biomédica sobre los aspectos da las disciplinas, baja utilización de metodologías participativas de enseñanza, dificultad creciente de acceso a campos clínicos exclusivos, y, bibliografía insuficiente. Concluimos que es mandatorio que todas las Escuelas de Enfermería se sometan a criterios y estándares universales, para obtener un consenso sobre el nivel mínimo de formación para los estudiantes, como también establecer los estándares de calidad en la formación de enfermería en el país.Descriptores: Educación en Enfermería; Escuelas de Enf...
Este artículo incluye un análisis de los roles sociales de las personas mayores a través de la articulación de las dimensiones de cultura, salud y calidad de vida. Contempla dos momentos de trabajo. En primer lugar, discute la calidad de vida y salud en Chile enfatizando que el 70% de las personas mayores está en condiciones de desarrollar tareas sociales y culturales en la comunidad. En segundo lugar, se analizan los enfoques teóricos de la gerontología social, proponiendo una gerontología rupturista que permita problematizar instancias de investigación e intervención gerontológica.
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