Monitoring modifiable risk factors for breast cancer: an obligation for health professionals

Guerrero, Verónica Guerra; Baez, Antonieta Fazzi; González, Carmen Gloria Cofré; González, Carmen Gloria Miño

doi:10.26633/rpsp.2017.80

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…• Increases in passive dense tissue in a breast could indicate a developing tumor. Recently, potentially modifiable risk factors have been causally linked to a wide range of cancers [9], and approximately 40% of cancers can be prevented by reducing risk factors and implementing primary prevention strategies [10]. Taken with the continued increase in incidence rates and with breast cancer becoming more common among younger women [11,12], there is a growing emphasis on the primary prevention of breast cancer to hinder the start of the carcinogenic process.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Risk models and genetic testing can help identify individuals at an increased risk of developing breast cancer [13]. However, known genetic predisposition or heredity plays a limited role in cancer, accounting for only 5% to 10% of all cancer cases [10]. Traditional risk models, such as the Tyrer-Cuzick, Gail, and Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) models, are based on varying familial and personal health histories and some models are not calibrated for all populations [14].Breast density has recently been recognized as one of the strongest independent risk factors for breast cancer, with women with dense breasts having a higher risk of developing breast cancer than women with non-dense breasts [15].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Longitudinal Case-Control Study of Active and Passive Dense Mammographic Breast Tissue

Batchelder,

White,

Cinelli

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Mammography is used as secondary prevention for breast cancer. Computer-aided detection and image-based short-term risk estimation were developed to improve the accuracy of mammography. However, most approaches inherently lack the ability to connect observations at the mammography level to observations of cancer onset and progression seen at a smaller scale, which can occur years before imageable cancer and lead to primary prevention. The Hurst exponent (H) can quantify mammographic tissue into regions of dense tissue undergoing active restructuring and regions that remain passive, with amounts of active and passive dense tissue that differ between cancer and controls at diagnosis. A longitudinal retrospective case-control study was conducted to test the hypothesis that differences can be detected before diagnosis and changes could signal developing cancer. Mammograms and reports were collected from 50 patients from Maine Medical Center in 2015 with at least a 5-year screening history. Age-matching patients within 2 years created a primary dataset, and within 5 years, a secondary dataset was created to test for sensitivity. The amount of passive (H≥0.55) and active dense tissue (0.45<H<0.55) was calculated for each breast and was predicted by creating a linear mixed-effects model. Cancer status was a predictor for passive (p=0.036) and active (p=0.025) dense tissue using the primary dataset. However, when increasing the power, cancer status was a predictor for active dense tissue (p=0.013), while breast status (p=0.004), time (p=0.009), and interaction (p=0.038) were predictors for passive dense tissue. This suggests active dense tissue is a risk for cancer and passive dense tissue is an indication of developing cancer.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Case-Control Study of Active and Passive Dense Mammographic Breast Tissue

Batchelder,

White,

Cinelli

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Approximately 5% to 10% of BC cases are considered hereditary, importantly affecting these two last groups, mainly due to BRCA1/2 mutations [7,8]. The remaining cases are attributable to reproductive factors, directly related to hormonal levels such as early menarche, later menopause, nulliparity, or the use of oral contraceptive pills and modifiable risk factors like obesity, alcohol consumption, sedentarism, diet, or smoking [9,10].…”

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confidence: 99%

Physical Activity as an Imperative Support in Breast Cancer Management

Ortega

Fraile-Martínez

García-Montero

et al. 2020

Cancers

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Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy and the second cause of cancer-related death among women. It is estimated that 9 in 10 cases of BC are due to non-genetic factors, and approximately 25% to 30% of total breast cancer cases should be preventable only by lifestyle interventions. In this context, physical activity represents an excellent and accessible approach not only for the prevention, but also for being a potential support in the management of breast cancer. The present review will collect the current knowledge of physical activity in the background of breast cancer, exploring its systemic and molecular effects, considering important variables in the training of these women and the evidence regarding the benefits of exercise on breast cancer survival and prognosis. We will also summarize the various effects of physical activity as a co-adjuvant therapy in women receiving different treatments to deal with its adverse effects. Finally, we will reveal the impact of physical activity in the enhancement of quality of life of these patients, to conclude the central role that exercise must occupy in breast cancer management, in an adequate context of a healthy lifestyle.

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“…This discrepancy in findings may be attributable to various aspects of study design and analysis, plus limited mortality events ( 8 ). In addition, studies that seek to find a relationship between alcohol consumption and breast cancer have primarily been conducted on European women only ( 9 – 11 ) and can vary depending on the type of alcohol and quantity consumed ( 12 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol and Tobacco Use in an Ethnically Diverse Sample of Breast Cancer Patients, Including Sea Island African Americans: Implications for Survivorship

Bea¹,

Cunningham

Alberg

et al. 2018

Front. Oncol.

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Background/Objective: Data suggest that modifiable risk factors such as alcohol and tobacco use may increase the risk of breast cancer (BC) recurrence and reduce survival. Female BC mortality in South Carolina is 40% higher among African Americans (AAs) than European Americans (EAs). Given this substantial racial disparity, using a cross-sectional survey design we examined alcohol and tobacco use in an ethnically diverse statewide study of women with recently diagnosed invasive breast cancer. This included a unique South Carolina AA subpopulation, the Sea Islanders (SI), culturally isolated and with the lowest European American genetic admixture of any AA group.Methods: Participants (42 EAs, 66 non-SI AAs, 29 SIs), diagnosed between August 2011 and December 2012, were identified through the South Carolina Central Cancer Registry and interviewed by telephone within 21 months of diagnosis. Self-reported educational status, alcohol consumption and tobacco use were obtained using elements of the Behavior and Risk Factor Surveillance System questionnaire.Results: Alcohol: EAs were approximately twice as likely to consume alcohol (40%) and to be moderate drinkers (29%) than either AA group (consumers: 24% of non-SI AAs, 21% of SIs; moderate drinkers 15 and 10% respectively). Users tended to be younger, significantly among EAs and non-SI AAs, but not SIs, and to have attained more education. Heavy drinking was rare (≤1%) and binge drinking uncommon (≤10%) with no differences by race/ethnicity. Among both AA subgroups but not EAs, alcohol users were six to nine times more likely to have late stage disease (Regional or Distant), statistically significant but with wide confidence intervals. Tobacco: Current cigarette smoking (daily or occasional) was reported by 14% of EAs, 14% of non-SI AAs and 7% of SIs. Smoking was inversely associated with educational attainment. Use of both alcohol and cigarettes was reported by 3–6% of cases.Conclusions: Prevalences of alcohol and cigarette use were similar to those in the general population, with alcohol consumption more common among EAs. Up to half of cases used alcohol and/or tobacco. Given the risks from alcohol for disease recurrence, and implications of smoking for various health outcomes, these utilization rates are of concern.

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Monitoring modifiable risk factors for breast cancer: an obligation for health professionals

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Longitudinal Case-Control Study of Active and Passive Dense Mammographic Breast Tissue

Longitudinal Case-Control Study of Active and Passive Dense Mammographic Breast Tissue

Physical Activity as an Imperative Support in Breast Cancer Management

Alcohol and Tobacco Use in an Ethnically Diverse Sample of Breast Cancer Patients, Including Sea Island African Americans: Implications for Survivorship

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