2017
DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2017.80
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Monitoring modifiable risk factors for breast cancer: an obligation for health professionals

Abstract: Worldwide, breast cancer is the most common disease in women and constitutes the second leading cause of cancer death in this population. The factors that contribute to the risk of occurrence are divided into nonmodifiable and modifiable factors. Although there are interventions in primary care to prevent the disease, these measures have not produced the desired changes in women’s health. This article reviews the major modifiable risk factors for breast cancer and describes how these factors can affect the inc… Show more

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Cited by 8 publications
(7 citation statements)
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References 23 publications
(56 reference statements)
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“…• Increases in passive dense tissue in a breast could indicate a developing tumor. Recently, potentially modifiable risk factors have been causally linked to a wide range of cancers [9], and approximately 40% of cancers can be prevented by reducing risk factors and implementing primary prevention strategies [10]. Taken with the continued increase in incidence rates and with breast cancer becoming more common among younger women [11,12], there is a growing emphasis on the primary prevention of breast cancer to hinder the start of the carcinogenic process.…”
Section: Required Key Messagesmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…• Increases in passive dense tissue in a breast could indicate a developing tumor. Recently, potentially modifiable risk factors have been causally linked to a wide range of cancers [9], and approximately 40% of cancers can be prevented by reducing risk factors and implementing primary prevention strategies [10]. Taken with the continued increase in incidence rates and with breast cancer becoming more common among younger women [11,12], there is a growing emphasis on the primary prevention of breast cancer to hinder the start of the carcinogenic process.…”
Section: Required Key Messagesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Risk models and genetic testing can help identify individuals at an increased risk of developing breast cancer [13]. However, known genetic predisposition or heredity plays a limited role in cancer, accounting for only 5% to 10% of all cancer cases [10]. Traditional risk models, such as the Tyrer-Cuzick, Gail, and Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) models, are based on varying familial and personal health histories and some models are not calibrated for all populations [14].Breast density has recently been recognized as one of the strongest independent risk factors for breast cancer, with women with dense breasts having a higher risk of developing breast cancer than women with non-dense breasts [15].…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Approximately 5% to 10% of BC cases are considered hereditary, importantly affecting these two last groups, mainly due to BRCA1/2 mutations [7,8]. The remaining cases are attributable to reproductive factors, directly related to hormonal levels such as early menarche, later menopause, nulliparity, or the use of oral contraceptive pills and modifiable risk factors like obesity, alcohol consumption, sedentarism, diet, or smoking [9,10].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This discrepancy in findings may be attributable to various aspects of study design and analysis, plus limited mortality events ( 8 ). In addition, studies that seek to find a relationship between alcohol consumption and breast cancer have primarily been conducted on European women only ( 9 11 ) and can vary depending on the type of alcohol and quantity consumed ( 12 ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%