One of the most promising components of Ukraine's renewable energy is bioenergy. It is based on the use of biomass, which is the raw material for the production of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. Biomass includes agricultural waste and residues, wood waste in the forestry, woodworking and pulp and paper industries, energy crops, organic part of industrial and household waste. Ukraine possesses large areas of land resources, has favorable soil and climatic conditions and developed agriculture, so it can successfully develop bioenergy based on plant biomass. It is most advisable to convert crop waste to biogas, which will allow agricultural enterprises to obtain an additional source of energy and ensure the production of high quality organic fertilizers. In addition, biogas production is environmentally friendly because it does not cause additional remission of greenhouse gas and reduces the amount of organic waste. Biogas is easy to use for energy purposes, finds use in decentralized block heat plants for electricity and heat, can be fed into an existing gas transmission network and used as motor fuel for cars. This article presents a methodology for determining the amount of biogas and analytical studies of methane formation in a household biogas plant from crop waste, including corn stalks, grass, grape leaves, sugar beet leaves, cereal straw, red clover hay, straw. The analysis of the results of analytical studies shows that the most biogas is produced from grasses, cereals and corn.
As raw materials in bioenergy can be used agricultural residues formed in the process of harvesting crops and the process of their processing, in particular straw cereals, legumes, corn and sunflower seeds, etc. For energy needs, agricultural biomass is used by burning or processing into solid, liquid, or gaseous fuels. In the production of gaseous fuel in special plants - bioreactors, agricultural waste is formed not only as a source of energy - biogas, but also as excellent fertilizers. In this article, studies have shown that the amount of biogas produced depends on the type of biomass and fermentation time. The largest amount of biogas is produced within 10 days from the date of loading of organic biomass. It was found that the highest daily biogas production is formed from grass and grain silage, the maximum value of which is 1.76 m3. The smallest - from rapeseed silage – 0.33 m3.
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