An important priority of Ukraine's economic policy is the careful use of energy. The country has a broad-based energy efficiency policy, and energy efficiency is complex, covering both the legislative framework and technical innovations. One of the effective ways to reduce energy costs for the needs of the national economy is to carry out thermal modernization of the heating system. In this article economic indicators of thermal sanitary measures during reconstruction of the heating system of the object are given. In the reconstruction of the heating system, the following thermal renewal measures were adopted for comparison: installation of the solar roof, reconstruction of the heating system and installation of the heating air solar system. The purpose of this work is to establish the economic indicators of the thermal renovation measures in the reconstruction of the heating system of an apartment building using a solar roof at the different values of discount index. The use of modern methods of evaluating the cost-effectiveness of thermal modernization is taken into account in the latest concept of economic calculations, in particular the recommendation of United Nations Industrial Development Organization. Energy audit of the heating system was carried out taking into account the different values of discount index r. There were optimized the thermal renewal variants taking into account the different values of discount index was carried out. Using of the solar roof gives a possibility to design of effective energy-saving heating systems in the buildings. Solar air heating system has a high value of the simple payback time, but it is useful as aggregate energy saving variant and provides economic effect.
This experiment aims to summarize the regular pattern of low-carbon catalytic combustion furnace of natural gas used in glazed tile heating. The tiles used for decorating which are heated by catalytic combustion furnace are more fine and glossy than the conventional ones, moreover, pollutant emission produced in productive process is much less than before. This conclusion may provide a new way to glazed tile heating industry, and at the same time, provide a general method of using the catalytic combustion furnace.
One of the most promising components of Ukraine's renewable energy is bioenergy. It is based on the use of biomass, which is the raw material for the production of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. Biomass includes agricultural waste and residues, wood waste in the forestry, woodworking and pulp and paper industries, energy crops, organic part of industrial and household waste. Ukraine possesses large areas of land resources, has favorable soil and climatic conditions and developed agriculture, so it can successfully develop bioenergy based on plant biomass. It is most advisable to convert crop waste to biogas, which will allow agricultural enterprises to obtain an additional source of energy and ensure the production of high quality organic fertilizers. In addition, biogas production is environmentally friendly because it does not cause additional remission of greenhouse gas and reduces the amount of organic waste. Biogas is easy to use for energy purposes, finds use in decentralized block heat plants for electricity and heat, can be fed into an existing gas transmission network and used as motor fuel for cars. This article presents a methodology for determining the amount of biogas and analytical studies of methane formation in a household biogas plant from crop waste, including corn stalks, grass, grape leaves, sugar beet leaves, cereal straw, red clover hay, straw. The analysis of the results of analytical studies shows that the most biogas is produced from grasses, cereals and corn.
The article presents the results of theoretical research to achieve the maximum effect in determination of the economically feasible level of buildings thermal protection. It must be optimal both thermally and economically, an indicator of which there are the costs. Graphical and analytical dependences are given. The research results substantiate the maximum effect when different thermal insulating materials are used. The aim is to increase the efficiency of energy saving measures, reduce their cost by optimizing the cost of thermal energy and insulating materials, determining the optimization criteria and justification for choice the optimal insulating material and its thickness, and determining the optimal thermal resistance, identifying ways to improve energy efficiency and substantiation of the calculation method. One of the most common thermal renovation measures, namely insulation of external walls, is considered. An economic assessment has been conducted, which is an important factor in a certain energy-saving proposition. The solution of the problem is presented, which includes two stages. The result of the first stage is the selection of the optimal heat-insulating material. The second stage is a substantiation of economically expedient thickness of the heat-insulating material. The obtained results make it possible to increase the efficiency of energy saving in thermal renovation of buildings taking into account both energy and economic aspects. In this paper the results of mathematical provement of such factor importance as the thermally conductive cost of the heat-insulating material at their thickness optimization are presented.
The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental developments regarding the marking of scans and patterns of fittings of the ventilation system, provided that the unification of installation and procurement work. The aim of the work is to create a graph-analytical method to unify the construction of patterns of ventilation fittings, in particular in the design and manufacture of adapters of different shapes and sizes; increasing the efficiency of procurement work for the installation of ventilation systems in production facilities by minimizing material waste during their manufacture, and reducing the material consumption of products. The application of the proposed graphic-analytical method will increase the efficiency of procurement and installation work and thus reduce the amount of waste and material consumption for the manufacture of ventilation fittings for various purposes.
As raw materials in bioenergy can be used agricultural residues formed in the process of harvesting crops and the process of their processing, in particular straw cereals, legumes, corn and sunflower seeds, etc. For energy needs, agricultural biomass is used by burning or processing into solid, liquid, or gaseous fuels. In the production of gaseous fuel in special plants - bioreactors, agricultural waste is formed not only as a source of energy - biogas, but also as excellent fertilizers. In this article, studies have shown that the amount of biogas produced depends on the type of biomass and fermentation time. The largest amount of biogas is produced within 10 days from the date of loading of organic biomass. It was found that the highest daily biogas production is formed from grass and grain silage, the maximum value of which is 1.76 m3. The smallest - from rapeseed silage – 0.33 m3.
In the face of growing shortages and rising prices for fuel and energy resources, the problem of energy conservation and the use of alternative energy sources to solve the problem of reducing energy consumption for the Ukrainian economy become very important. Today, the use of air splitconditioner heat pumps in buildings' heating systems is becoming more common. Therefore, the improvement of the design and operation of power equipment to which air split-conditioner heat pumps ("air-air") are related is related to a detailed study of their operation and an objective assessment of their degree of energy perfection, which can only be determined on the basis of analysis their exergy efficiency. This made it possible to substantiate the relevance of such a research task due to the insufficient information on the operating modes related to the influence of air flows on the condenser and evaporator on the corresponding condensation and evaporation pressures and the exergetic efficiency of the use of air split-conditioners. For this article it was used the author's innovation mathematical model to analysis of the operation of one-step freon heat pumps, which are used in air split-conditioners, according to the exergetic method. The dependence of condensation and evaporation pressures and exergetic output-input ratio (OIR) on the example of "Mitsubishi Electric" firm air split-conditioner heat pump with the nominal heating capacity of 3067 W under the standard external temperature conditions on the refrigerant R32 was determined from the condenser and evaporator air flows.
In air split-conditioners, the degree of their energy perfection must be determined based on the analysis of their exergy efficiency. In this article the innovative mathematical model developed by the authors for exergetic analysis of the work of air split-conditioners. For example, exergetic analysis was performed on this model for the air split-conditioner with the nominal cooling capacity 2500 W of „Mitsubishi Electric” firm under standard external temperature conditions and received the output-input exergetic ratio (OIER) and exergetic losses in the air split-conditioner individual elements on the refrigerants R410A, R32 and refrigerant R290 (propane). It is shown that the the exergetic efficiency of the air split-conditioner increased by 9.3% and 5.1%, when using the R290 refrigerant compared to R410A and R32, respectively.
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