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Photovoltaic (PV) system is one of the energy generation systems and produces direct current. The PV output is depending on solar irradiation and temperature. The arrangement of PV cells in series or in parallel, known as PV array. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques like Incremental Conductance (Inc Cond) with fixed step size is used to extract maximum power from a PV system. Inc Cond control algorithm is compared with a MPPT PI controller. DC DC Boost converter steps up and regulates the PV output voltage to get a usable form of DC voltage. PV cell single diode model with a series and parallel resistances and a DC DC boost converter are developed and implemented, MPPT control algorithms are developed, compared and simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Results are presented and discussed.

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The establishment of the latest IoT systems available today such as smart cities, smart buildings, and smart homes and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are let the main design restriction on the inadequate supply of battery power. Hence proposing a solar-based photovoltaic (PV) system which is designed DC-DC buck-boost converter with an improved modular maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. The output voltage depends on the inductor, capacitor values, metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) switching frequency, and duty cycle. This paper focuses on the design and simulation of min ripple current/voltage and improved efficiency at PV array output, to store DC power. The stored DC power will be used for smart IoT systems. From the simulation results, the current ripples are observed to be minimized from 0.062 A to 0.02 A maintaining the duty cycle at 61.09 for switching frequencies ranges from 300 kHz to 10 MHz at the input voltage 48 V and the output voltage in buck mode 24 V, boost mode 100 V by maintaining constant 99.7 efficiencies. The improvised approach is compared to various existed techniques. It is noticed that the results are more useful for the self-powered Embedded & Internet of Things systems.

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This paper presents an efficient system which detects the vehicle accident and sends intimation to the registered mobile numbers such as ambulance or vehicle owner or police etc. IOT based vehicle tracking system detect the Accidents and it sends the position of the vehicle to the specified or pre-programmed mobile number as an SMS. Not only prohibited the accidents. It also prevents the vehicle from theft. If we want opening the door of the vehicle then we need to press a button. Now the owner of the vehicle gets an SMS to grant access. The door will be opened after the authentication only. If an unknown one tries to open the door of the vehicle then you can restrict that person by using mobile. The GPS is used for tracking the vehicle in this system. If any accident detected then an alert will be given with buzzer. Now the driver can press button to stop that. If it is small accident, here the driver can stop the buzzer if the vehicle is safe with in time period. Otherwise an alert will be sent to the owner of the car. It indicates that the person in car or car in trouble.