Pharmaceutical co-crystals have conferred significant recognition in recent past as a new solid form by virtue their capability to modulate physicochemical properties of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API). Nevertheless, pharmaceutical progress of cocrystals could be provocation, the requirement for high-throughput screening methods and the techniques capable of co-crystal production in industrial scale still hamper the co-crystal used by industries. In this review, well ordered overview of pharmaceutical co-crystal is provided, with focus on role of supramolecular chemistry, co-crystal design strategies, preparation methods, physicochemical property studies, mechanism of solubility enhancement, evaluation techniques. In the present commentary, the impact of choosing appropriate process design and formulation on translational challenges has been discussed. Eventually, a short outline of applications and marketed drug products of pharmaceutical co-crystal drug substance is also described.

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Background The meager physicochemical properties like low solubility and low dissolution rate of rosuvastatin calcium remain as an obstruction for formulation development. In the present work, we explore the evolution of rosuvastatin cocrystal, which may offer the synergetic physico-chemical properties of the drug. Cocrystal crafting depends on two possible intermolecular interactions; heteromeric and the homomeric selection of compounds with complementary functional groups are contemplated as a possible cause of supramolecular synthons in cocrystal formation. Specifically, cocrystals of rosuvastatin with l-asparagine and l-glutamine with molar ratio (1:1) were fabricated by using slow solvent evaporation and slow evaporation techniques. Novel cocrystals of rosuvastatin-asparagine (RSC-C) and rosuvastatin-glutamine (RSC-G) cocrystals obtained by slow solvent evaporation were utilized for preliminary investigation and further scale-up was done by using the solvent evaporation technique. Results The novel cocrystals showed a new characteristic of powder X-ray diffraction, thermograms of differential scanning calorimetry, 1H liquid FT-NMR spectra, and scanning electron microscopy. These results signify the establishment of intermolecular interaction within the cocrystals. In both the novel cocrystals, rosuvastatin was determined to be engaged in the hydrogen bond interaction with the complementary functional groups of l-asparagine and l-glutamine. Compared with the pure rosuvastatin, RSC-C and RSC-G cocrystal showed 2.17-fold and 1.60-fold improved solubility respectively. The dissolution test showed that the RSC-C and RSC-G cocrystal exhibited 1.97-fold and 1.94-fold higher dissolution rate than the pure rosuvastatin in pH6.8 phosphate buffer respectively. Conclusion Modulation in the chemical environment, improvement in the solubility, and dissolution rate demonstrated the benefit of co-crystallization to improve the physicochemical properties of the drug. Graphical abstract

Zanubrutinib is an unfamiliar second generation selective Brutson’s Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor used to treat mantle cell lymphoma. In the present analysis, a new, stability indicating reverse-phase, high performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the determination of Zanubrutinib succeeding degradation studies as pert the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The chromatographic separation of Zanubrutinib was achieved in a C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5-μm particle size) using a mobile phase of Acetonitrile: 0.1% Tri Ethyl Amine (65:35 v/v) monitored at 219 nm. The forced degradation studies were conducted by exposing the analyte to acidic, alkaline and neutral hydrolysis, oxidative, reductive, photolytic, and thermal stress conditions and the degradation behavior was studied. The analyte showed degradation under acidic, alkaline, oxidative and reductive stress conditions with additional peaks but, it was stable under neutral, photolytic and thermal stress conditions. The developed method was extended to triple quadruple mass spectrometry to characterize degradation products and to study the fragmentation pattern. Total four degradants were characterized including DP1 in acid &base hydrolysis, DP2 in oxidative and DP3, DP4 in reductive stress condition. As no substantial method was available for quantification of Zanubrutinib and to characterize zanubrutinib degradants, this method can be used for regular analysis in quality control labs.

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