Water availability for cultivation of irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) is decreasing worldwide. Therefore, new technologies are needed to grow rice under aerobic conditions, in order to produce rice grains without yield losses and with lower water consumption. This study aimed at determining the best combination of management options for producing upland rice. A randomized blocks design, in a factorial scheme, was used. The treatments consisted of a combination of five rice cultivars (BRS Caçula, BRS Serra Dourada, BRS Primavera, BRS Sertaneja and BRS Esmeralda) with two compaction pressures in the seed furrow (25 kPa or 126 kPa), two types of seed treatment (with or without pesticide) and two types of N management (all at sowing or all at topdressing). Applying N at sowing instead of at topdressing produced higher grain yield in the no-tillage system (NTS). Under this system, upland rice genotypes show higher grain yield with higher compaction pressure. Seed treatment with pesticide provided greater grain yield for the BRS Sertaneja, in NTS, and for all genotypes in the conventional tillage system (CTS). BRS Esmeralda, in NTS, and BRS Esmeralda and BRS Primavera, in CTS, were the most productive genotypes. Moreover, in NTS, the application of N at sowing and the compaction pressure on the seed furrow are important for increasing upland rice grain yield. In CTS, seed treatment is important to improve upland rice grain yield.
-The objective of this work was to determine the effects of soil compaction pressure on the sowing furrow and of seed treatments with insecticides on grain yield and on termite damage in upland rice plants under no-tillage, in the Center West region of Brazil. Three experiments were carried out, consisting of five seed treatments combined with three (first experiment) or four (second and third experiments) compaction pressures in a randomized complete block design, in a factorial arrangement. The seed treatments were: T0, without treatment; T1, imidacloprid+thiodicarb; T2, thiamethoxam; T3, carbofuran; and T4, fipronil+p yraclostrobin+thiophanate-methyl. The compaction pressures applied were: 25, 42, and 268 kPa, in the first experiment; and these same pressures plus 126 kPa in the second and third experiments. Seed treatment was effective in increasing rice grain yield, from 1,753 to 4,141 kg ha -1 , especially in the lowest compaction pressure of 25 kPa. Soil compaction around 180 kPa in the sowing furrow results in higher rice grain yield and in fewer stems killed by termites. The use of soil compaction on the sowing furrow with seed treatment significantly increases rice grain yield under a no-tillage system.
A B S T R A C TThis study aimed to determine the effects of subsoiling, compaction on sowing furrow and seed treatments with insecticides on the grain yield of upland rice cultivated under no-tillage. Two experiments were carried out, one in an area with and the other in an area without subsoiling, in which five seed treatments combined with five compaction pressures on the sowing furrow were compared in a randomized block design, in a factorial scheme, with three replicates. The seed treatments were: T 0 -without treatment, T 1 -imidacloprid + thiodicarb, T 2 -thiamethoxam, T 3 -carbofuran, and T 4 -fipronil + pyraclostrobin + thiophanate methyl. The compaction pressures were: 25, 42, 126, 268 and 366 kPa. Subsoiling positively affected rice yield in the presence of higher compaction pressures on the sowing furrow. Seed treatment was effective at increasing rice grain yield only at the lowest compaction pressures. Rice yield showed quadratic response to compaction on the sowing furrow, with maximum values obtained at pressures ranging from 238.5 to 280.3 kPa.Produtividade do arroz afetada pela subsolagem, compactação no sulco de semeadura e tratamento de semente R E S U M O Este trabalho objetivou determinar os efeitos da subsolagem, compactação no sulco de semeadura e de tratamentos de semente com inseticidas na produtividade do arroz de terras altas cultivado em sistema plantio direto. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, um em área subsolada e outro em não-subsolada em que foram comparados, no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, esquema fatorial, com três repetições, cinco tratamentos de semente combinados com cinco pressões de compactação no sulco de semeadura. Os tratamentos de semente foram: T 0 -sem tratamento, T 1 -imidacloprido + tiodicarbe, T 2 -tiametoxam, T 3 -carbofurano e T 4 -fipronil + piraclostrobina + tiofanato metílico; as pressões de compactação foram: 25, 42, 126, 268 e 366 kPa; a subsolagem afetou positivamente a produtividade do arroz na presença de maiores pressões de compactação no sulco de semeadura; o tratamento de semente foi efetivo em aumentar a produtividade do arroz apenas na presença das menores pressões de compactação e a produtividade apresentou resposta quadrática à compactação do sulco de semeadura com valores máximos obtidos com pressões variando de 238,5 a 280,3 kPa.
Resumo: Este trabalho objetivou determinar o efeito da compactação sobre o sulco de plantio e do tratamento de sementes na produtividade do arroz de terras altas cultivado sob sistema plantio direto (SPD). Foram conduzidos quatro experimentos, o primeiro e o terceiro em área de pastagem de Urochloa brizantha, o segundo em área de soja e o quarto em área de pastagem de Urochloa decumbens. No primeiro e no segundo foram comparadas três pressões de compactação sobre o sulco de plantio, no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com seis repetições. No terceiro e no quarto foram comparados três pressões de compactação sobre o sulco de plantio e dois tratamentos de sementes, em blocos ao acaso, esquema fatorial (3x2), com seis repetições no terceiro e 12 no quarto experimento. No primeiro experimento, as pressões de compactação foram 25 kPa, 42 kPa e 228 kPa e, nos outros três, a pressão de 228 kPa foi substituída pela de 340 kPa. Os tratamentos de sementes foram: T0 -sem tratamento e T1 -fipronil + piraclostrobina + tiofanato metílico. A compactação sobre o sulco de plantio até 340 kPa aumentou de forma linear a produtividade do arroz. O tratamento de sementes proporcionou maiores produtividades do arroz cultivado no SPD sobre palhada de braquiária. Com base nos resultados, conclui-se que a compactação sobre o sulco de plantio até 340 kPa e o tratamento de sementes foram importantes práticas para proporcionar incrementos significativos na produtividade de grãos do arroz de terras altas. Palavras-chave: Oryza sativa, plantio direto, palhada de braquiária Abstract: This study aimed to determine the effect of compaction on sowing furrow and seed treatment on grain yield of upland rice cultivated under no-tillage system (NTS). Four experiments were carried out; the first and the third one in Urochloa brizantha pasture area, the second one in soybean area and the fourth one in Urochloa decumbens pasture area. In the first and second experiments, three compaction pressures on the sowing furrow, in the design of randomized blocks with six replications, were compared. In the third and fourth experiments, three compaction pressures on the sowing furrow and two seed treatments, in a randomized block factorial (3x2) with six repetitions in the third one and 12 in the fourth one, were compared. In the first experiment, the compaction pressures were 25 kPa, 42 kPa, and 228 kPa and, in the three others, the pressure of 228 kPa was replaced by 340 kPa. The seed treatments were: T0 -without treatment and T1 -fipronil + pyraclostrobin + thiophanate methyl. The compaction on the sowing furrow up to 340 kPa linearly increased rice grain yield. Seed treatment resulted in higher yields of rice grown in the NTS on Urochloa straw. Based on the results, it was concluded that soil compaction on the sowing furrow up to 340 kPa and seed treatment were important practices to provide significant increases in grain yield of upland rice.
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