a b s t r a c tBackground: Oral cancer is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide and is thus an important cause of death and morbidity. Although several drugs have been developed for the treatment of oral cancer, naturally occurring phytochemicals have been recommended by nutritionists and health experts to treat various types of cancer. Pergularia daemia is a well-known herb distributed across India, finding many uses in medicine. Aim: The present study was mainly designed to determine the dose-response effect of the whole plant extract of P. daemia on experimental oral carcinogenesis. Materials and methods: Male golden Syrian hamsters were painted with 0.5% of 7,12dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in liquid paraffin on the left buccal pouch to induce oral cancer, thrice a week for 14 weeks. The anticancer effect of the ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of P. daemia was observed to be dose dependent (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg body weight (bwt)) by assessing the bwt, tumor incidence, changes in oxidant/antioxidant levels, and histological alterations of control and experimental animals. Results: Our results showed that of the three doses used, the high dose (300 mg/kg bwt) exhibited excellent antioxidant activity in comparison to the other two doses. Moreover, our findings suggest that the methanolic extract significantly inhibited cancer development to a greater extent than the ethyl acetate extract. Conclusion: Thus, it could be concluded that the whole plant of P. daemia presents an easily accessible source of natural antioxidants, and regular consumption can reduce the incidence of oral cancer.

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Background:Pergularia daemia (Asclepiadacea) is a fetid- smelling perennial herb growing well along the river bang and road sides of India. Naturally the plant has powerful antioxidants including polyphenols, flavanoids, steroids and terpenoids.Objective:The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant potential and to determine the median lethal dose (LD50) of crude ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Pergularia daemia. The plant Pergularia daemia possess effective scavenging activity against 2, 2' azino bis (3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonic acid (ABTS), nitric oxide and reducing power radicals at different concentrations (100, 200, 300, 400 & 500 µg/mL) of both extracts.Results:From the above in vitro assay we have exposed that the methanolic extract exert higher antioxidant activity at 400 µg/mL than ethyl acetate extract. Acute toxicity study revealed that the extracts showed no signs of toxicity upto a dose level of 2500 mg/kg b.wt.Conclusion:Thus our findings provide that both extracts of Pergularia daemia possess a strong antioxidant capacity and are relatively has high margin of safety.

Alpha amyrin, a plant bioactive triterpenoids, present in higher plants and particularly in Pergularia daemia. The compound alpha amyrin is a potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive, antipruritic, gastro protective and hepatoprotective agent. The anticancer effect of alpha amyrin has not been examined in human laryngeal cancer model. So this study evaluated its potential on Hep2 cells and anti-oxidant modifications. The current investigations explored the alpha amyrin possessed excellent manner (10, 20, 40, 80,160 and 320) µmol/ml and the IC 50 value was found to be 69.32 µmol/ml. The TBARS level increased and antioxidant levels decreased in alpha amyrin treated Hep2 cells as compare to untreated cancer Hep2 cells. On the basis of our result alpha amyrin possess excellent antiproliferative ability on Hep2 cells by inducing cytotoxicity as well as oxidant antioxidant alterations. Therefore, alpha amyrin has therapeutic potential on various types of cancer.