Hamartomatous conditions of skin are comprised of variable composition of normal skin elements. They can present as nodular masses. They can be mistaken for neoplastic skin lesions. Folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma is a rare skin condition seen in adults, commonly on head, neck and face region. Congenital variant is rare. Only few case reports have been described in literature occurring on sites other than face. Definitive diagnosis can be given only on histopathology. We report a case presenting as thigh mass in a 1 year old female child clinically diagnosed as papilloma of skin.
Ovarian cancers are the third most common cancers in women trailing behind cervical and breast cancer. Various molecular insults are seen in hereditary cancer syndromes that results in different morphological types of ovarian cancer.Accurate histological typing suggests screening of the first degree relatives and also targeted therapy for the same. Age specific incidence rate showed that ovarian cancer increases from 35 years of age and peaks between 55 to 64 years of age. Present study was conducted to know the clinical and histopathological spectrum of ovarian neoplasms. To correlate the histopathological subtype with the pre and post menopausal age group. This is a retrospective observational study of 196 cases found over 2.5 years during January 2018 to June 2020. Surface epithelial tumors(SET) are commonest in our study (benign 50%, borderline 6% and malignant 17%) followed by germ cell tumors (12%), sex cord stromal tumors (9%), secondary tumors (5%) and mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tumor (0.5%). Benign SET and germ cell tumors are significantly associated with premenopausal age whereas malignant SET has significant association with post menopausal age. However sex cord stromal tumors did not show any significant association with both the groups. Bilateral involvement was commonest with secondary tumors followed by malignant SET. Mean age of presentation was 41 years with maximum cases presenting in 4 and 5 decade. Various histomorphological parameters were evaluated in detail along with immunohistochemistry(IHC). Inhibin negativity helped to differentiate sertoliform variant of endometrial carcinoma from sertoli cell tumor. WT1 positivity in serous carcinoma ruled out poorly differentiated endometrioid carcinoma in two cases. Thirteen cases show extraovarian spread. Synchronous neoplasms of female genital tract (fibroma with uterine endometrial carcinoma and Brenner with basaloid carcinoma cervix ) were found. Collision tumors (sex cord stromal tumors with germ cell tumors) were also found in present study. Using WHO classification, ovarian tumors can be precisely subcategorized into different morphological subtypes. However overlapping features may need IHC to pinpoint the correct diagnosis. Age specific occurrence of different morphological subtypes may suggest other ancillary investigations and different treatment modalities
Introduction: Advances in diagnostic radiologic techniques has made Fine needle aspiration cytology more specific especially in hard to access areas like retroperitoneum. Rapid enlargement of tumors occur before clinical signs and symptoms develop in retroperitoneal area. Present study was undertaken to study the utility and efficacy of FNAC in early diagnosis of neoplastic and nonneoplastic retroperitoneal masses, to study the cytomorphology and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC with respect to tissue diagnosis wherever possible. Material and methods: Study was done in Indira GandhiGovernment Medical College, Nagpur on 70 patients with diagnosed retroperitoneal masses on radiology either by CT or USG over a period of 2 years. Appropriate staining was done and results were compared to histopathology wherever available. No major complications occurred during the procedure or post procedure period. Results were analysed to determine sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic efficacy of guided FNAC.Results: Adequate cellular material was obtained in 66 cases to study cytomorphology. 46(65.72%) retroperitoneal masses were malignant. 3(4.28%) were benign while 14(20%) were inflammatory. 3 (4.28%)cases were suspicious for malignancy. Cytology was correlated with histopathological diagnosis in all 39 cases where tissue diagnosis was available. Interpretation: No major complications were seen during the procedure or post FNAC period. Statistical analysis showed sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy were 100% in these cases in the present study.Conclusion: FNAC is advantageous in terms of accuracy, rapidity, safety and convenience if done in close cooperation with radiologist and clinicians. Performed as an OPD procedure, diagnosis obtained in 24 hours helps to avoid surgical laparotomy and numerous preoperative investigations in advanced and inoperable cases and inflammatory lesions.
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