No abstract

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER), defined as the passage of gastric contents into the esophagus, is a physiologic process that occurs throughout the day in healthy infants and children. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when gastric contents flow back into the esophagus and produce symptoms. The most common esophageal symptoms are vomiting and regurgitation. Lifestyle changes are the first-line therapy in both GER and GERD; medications are explicitly indicated only for patients with GERD. Surgical therapies are reserved for children with intractable symptoms or who are at risk for life-threatening complications of GERD. The laparoscopic Nissen antireflux procedure is the gold standard for the treatment of this pathology. A literature search on PubMed and Cochrane Database was conducted with regard to the management of GERD in children to provide a view of state-of-the-art treatment of GERD in pediatrics.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type IIb, is a rare syndrome characterized by mucosal neuromas, medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), pheochromocytoma and somatic abnormalities. A case of a 10-year-old girl with multiple mucosal neuromas and bilateral MTC is reported. The presumptive diagnosis of MTC was made on the basis of abnormal basal values of calcitonin and increased calcitonin secretion after pentagastrin injection. The manifestations of the syndrome are summarized, and the importance of repeated evaluation of thyroidal C-cell and adrenal medullary function in patients with the characteristic aspect of the syndrome is emphasized.

Abstract. Cucchiara, S., Veccbio, P., Romaniello, G., Staiano, A., Tamburrini, O. and Pettinato, G. (Departments of Paediatrics, Paediatric Surgery, Radiology and Histopathologic, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University of Naples, Italy). Gastric lymphoma diagnosed by fiberoptic endoscopy in a child. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 945, 1981.‐The authors report a case of gastric lymphoma in a 12‐year‐old male who presented recurrent abdominal pain, vomiting, malaise and a mass in the upper abdominal region. This case is interesting because the diagnosis was made preoperatively by histological examination of biopsy specimens taken by fiberscope, while the endoscopic and radiological fincings were not helpful.