This article analyzes the process of determination of criminal conduct. The authors argue that the reasons for criminal conduct are individual and can vary significantly on a case-by-case basis. Its dependence on both biological and social factors is stated. The combination of pathological heredity, social environment, political and economic factors can cause criminal behavior. At the same time, the psychological aspects of illegal acts are taken into account within almost all criminological theories to a greater or lesser extent. Criminal behavior is always demonstrated only by an individual and, above all, it is a manifestation of psychological deformities, expressed in the phenomenon of criminogenic contamination. Therefore, understanding its essence will better determine the nature of the warning influence. As a result, it is possible to answer several questions about the determination and nature of criminal behavior, the reasons for the commission of criminal offenses, the peculiarities of the functioning of the mental sphere, psychological problems, complexes, etc. This information helps to optimize methods of crime prevention, provide for further actions of serial criminals, help in the identification of offenders and the investigation of criminal cases.
Understanding the essence of the criminogenic contamination of the person and the ways and possibilities of influencing it is a key to increasing the effectiveness of preventive activities of society and the state in order to reduce the likelihood of committing a criminal offense. This article analyzes the process of determination of criminal conduct. The empirical basis of the scientific article was the provisions of normative legal acts of Ukraine, the provisions of international law, in particular, regarding the determinants of criminal behavior of a person. During the study, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, a historical and systemic approach were used. The authors argue that the reasons for criminal conduct are individual and can vary significantly on a case-by-case basis. Its dependence on both biological and social factors is stated. The combination of pathological heredity, social environment, and political and economic factors can cause criminal behavior. At the same time, the psychological aspects of illegal acts are taken into account within almost all criminological theories to a greater or lesser extent. As a result, it is possible to answer a number of questions about the determination and nature of criminal behavior, the reasons for the commission of criminal offenses, the peculiarities of the functioning of the mental sphere, psychological problems, complexes, etc. This research can be useful when improving the methods of crime prevention, identifying offenders, and investigating criminal cases. It was concluded that the processes and phenomena of the own organism and the surrounding reality are perceived and refracted through the psyche of the person himself, that is, subjective.
The aim of the article was to identify the essence of the legal value of man within the natural concept of law. The article used methods and perspectives, such as: philosophical dialectics, analysis, synthesis, systemic, functional, historical, axiological and special-legal. It is substantiated that the knowledge of the value of a person within the natural-legal type of understanding is important for determining the criteria of normativity in the protection of human and civil rights and freedoms. The essence of the objectivist variety of the theory of natural law is that the image of law is associated with legal consciousness and is reflected in the active and creative human activity, based on the principles of freedom inherent in man from birth. It is concluded that, within the framework of the modern theory of natural law, the points of iusnaturalistic and legal are combined with the historical and sociological study of legal ideals, which leads to expanding the list of natural rights and including, in addition, not only inalienable human rights, but also, human rights of social, economic and political nature, which contribute, to the strengthening of human activity to realize and protect their needs and interests.
The purpose of the article is to study modern standards and practice of combating corruption, as well as international and legal documents that are the cause for the existance of different approaches in understanding corruption. The main objectives of the article are to clarify the efficiency of modern well-known indicators that assist in determining the level of corruption in the country; to scientifically substantiate the principles for raising the efficiency of international cooperation in combating corruption within government; to analyze international acts of declarative and binding nature. During the study, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, a historical and systemic approach were used. Political analysis was widely used, descriptive and comparative analysis was accomplished. It has been concluded that the states must comply with international norms governing the fight against corruption in order to maintain the global law and order and combating corruption in the world, and in particular in Ukraine. It has been proved that it is necessary to establish more precise criteria for determining the level of corruption than currently existing ones in order to increase the effectiveness of international cooperation in combating corruption in government. Suggestions aimed at combating corruption at the international level have been formulated.
The article considers methods of analysis of criminological significant information, which are used in modern criminological science. Based on the analytical study, it was concluded that at the current stage of the development of criminological science, regression (as a type of mathematical method), factor (causal), and monitoring criminological analysis are most often used. These methods of criminological analysis were analyzed, their advantages and disadvantages were determined, their recommendations for their application in criminological science were given. It was established that the use of regression analysis is not found in many criminological studies, but today this direction has been updated due to the increase in crime rates both in Ukraine and in the world. However, in criminology, this direction is now one of the promising in the formation of crime prevention measures. It has been proved that most often this type of criminological analysis is used as monitoring. It is quite often used in criminological research by analyzing statistical reporting, which is publicly available to law enforcement agencies (in particular, on the official website of the Office of the Prosecutor General). In this regard, science identifies types of monitoring analysis, which is most often used in our country.
In particular, information weapons and social media weapons have become a weighty and decisive factor in warfare. Moreover, military conflict models increasingly use information as a weapon in virtual space. The article aims to analyze the peculiarities of the use of information weapons in interstate struggle on the example of empirical assessment of the use of disinformation methods against Ukraine in 2021-2022. Methodology. The study used the methods of cases and content analysis of reports and analytical bulletins of the Centre for Counteracting Disinformation of Ukraine to assess the use of information weapons, in particular the spread of disinformation in the information space of Ukraine. The reports and analytical bulletins from December 3, 2021, to February 21, 2022, were used for content analysis. Results. The main types of misinformation that are spread in the Ukrainian information space are: 1) misleading a particular person or group of people (even an entire nation); 2) manipulation, and 3) creation of the desired public opinion. We determined the main characteristics of fake news (unknown source, manipulative headline, emotional coloring, lack of reference to the head, value judgments). Based on the analysis, trends in the dissemination of false, manipulative information are identified.
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