Background: Today, cardiovascular diseases cause 47% of all deaths among the European population, which is 4 million cases every year. In Ukraine, CAD accounts for 65% of the mortality rate from circulatory system diseases of the able-bodied population and is the main cause of disability. The aim of this study is to develop a medical expert system based on fuzzy sets for assessing the degree of coronary artery lesions in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods: The method of using fuzzy sets for the implementation of an information expert system for solving the problems of medical diagnostics, in particular, when assessing the degree of anatomical lesion of the coronary arteries in patients with various forms of coronary artery disease, has been developed. Results: The paper analyses the main areas of application of mathematical methods in medical diagnostics, and formulates the principles of diagnostics, based on fuzzy logic. The developed models and algorithms of medical diagnostics are based on the ideas and principles of artificial intelligence and knowledge engineering, the theory of experiment planning, the theory of fuzzy sets and linguistic variables. The expert system is tested on real data. Through research and comparison of the results of experts and the created medical expert system, the reliability of supporting the correct decision making of the medical expert system based on fuzzy sets for assessing the degree of anatomical lesion of the coronary arteries in patients with various forms of coronary artery disease with the assessment of experts was 95%, which shows the high efficiency of decision making. Conclusions: The practical value of the work lies in the possibility of using the automated expert system for the solution of the problems of medical diagnosis based on fuzzy logic for assessing the degree of anatomical lesion of the coronary arteries in patients with various forms of coronary artery disease. The proposed concept must be further validated for inter-rater consistency and reliability. Thus, it is promising to create expert medical systems based on fuzzy sets for assessing the degree of disease pathology.
The world practice of growing chicory root is ineffective for Ukrainian phenotypic forms of varieties, since the weight and shape of the root crop, and the accumulation of ash elements in the plant, differ from modern forms. The purpose of the study was to establish the features of accumulation of the main ash macro- and microelements in the root crop and leaf mass of chicory of the Umanskyi-99 variety, considering the different background of mineral nutrition, the size of root crops, and yield levels. The study was conducted on the premises of the Khmelnytskyi state agricultural experimental station of the Podillia Institute of Feed Research and Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The leaf mass (petioles and leaf blade) and root crops were combusted, and then the content of potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and a complex of meso- and microelements (Ba, Si, Fe, Mn, Al, Cu, B, Cr, Zn, Co) was determined in the ash using a spectrograph, or using standardised methods. The content of the studied trace elements in leaves, roots, and petioles ranged from 1×10-4 up to 1×10-2%. The specific removal of nutrients to form 8.1 t/ha of root dry matter and the corresponding amount of by-products was 216.6 kg/ha of nitrogen, 79.6 kg/ ha of phosphorus, 277.9 kg/ha of potassium, 92.7 kg/ha of calcium, 88 kg/ha of magnesium, and 109.3 kg/ha of sodium. A significant part of macronutrients accumulated in the leaf mass, so about 60-84% of the removed elements were returned to the soil. It is established that the chemical composition of ash of different-sized and different-yielding root crops differs. The content of phosphorus and potassium in root crops at an average yield level is the lowest among the samples under study, and at a high yield, it significantly exceeds low-yielding ones. Therefore, for optimal removal of nutrients when growing chicory root crops, a fertiliser system should be developed to obtain commercial roots at the level of average yield, which would reduce the specific removal of phosphorus and potassium. The practical significance of the results obtained is to highlight the features of the removal of the main macronutrients by chicory root plants, which is the basis for developing an effective fertiliser system for a high planned yield and choosing a strategy for using by-products (leaf mass) as a source of immobilised nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium
The article considers the results of research on common beans varieties (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), their productivity and quality indicators in the Western Forest-Steppe. The results of biometric analysis show that bean plants differed in terms of variety. According to the height of the plant, the varieties were distributed as follows: low (< 51 cm) – Galaktyka, Perlyna, Shchedra, Mavka, Otrada, Nespodivanka, Pervomaiska, Yuvileyna 287, Stanychnaya, Nadiya, Bukovynka; medium (51–70 cm) – Kharkivska shtambova, Veselka, Dokuchaevska, Dniprianka. The height of attachment of the lower bean was the highest in the varieties Galaktyka and Stanychnaya – 16,6 cm, in Otrada variety – 16,3 cm, the lowest in the Dniprianka variety – 7,7 cm. At the same time, the height from the soil surface to the tip of the lower bean was the highest in the Perlyna variety – 6,9 cm, due to the length of the beans 7–8 cm. While in the variety Stanychnaya, due to the length of the beans 12–15 cm, this fgure was 4,9 cm. The lowest height from the soil surface to the tip of the lower bean was in the Panna variety – 1,8 cm and the Dniprianka variety – 2,3 cm, respectively. It was found that the largest number of internodes was in the variety Nespodivanka – 19,3 pieces, the lowest in the varieties Panna – 7,0 and Veselka – 8,8 pieces. The number of branches was the largest in the variety Slaviya – 4,4 pieces, the smallest in the variety Stanychnaya – 2,9 pieces, in the varieties Panna and Galaktyka – 3,1 pieces. The largest number of beans on the plant is set in the Nespodivanka variety – 26,8 pcs., the smallest in the variety Stanychnaya – 8,2 pcs. The studied varieties by weight of 1000 seeds are divided into groups: small (101–200 g) – Perlyna, Shchedra, Nespodivanka; medium (201–400 g) – Kharkivska shtambova, Mavka, Veselka, Otrada, Dokuchaevska, Yuvileyna 287, Pervomaiska, Dniprianka, Bukovynka, Nadiya; large (401– 800 g) – Galaktyka and Stanychnaya. The yield of beans depended on the characteristics and potential of the studied varieties. The highest yield of bean grain on average in 2012–2018 was obtained in the studied varieties: Perlyna – 2,61 t/ha, Kharkivska shtambova – 2,57 t/ ha, Nespodivanka – 2,33 t/ha, Mavka – 2,34 t/ha, Pervomaiska – 3,41 t/ha and Nadiya – 2,36 t/ha. Depending on the variety, the bean grain contains crude protein in the range of 18,75 % in the Pervomaiska variety to 23,38 % in the Slavia variety. The fber content is 3,7–5,5 %, ash – 3,29–3,94 %, BER – 55,5–59,9 %. Key words: common bean, productivity, variety, plant height, height of attachment of the lower bean, number of internodes, beans, grain, weight of 1000 seeds, yield, grain quality indicators.
The research aimed to study the transpiration and water consumption in root chicory plants during the growing season in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. It has been established that well-developed plants consume signifi cantly more water during the growing season, compared with poorly developed plants. So, on average for 2012–2016, water consumption for plants with a mass of 685.63 g. during the growing season was 98.3 l., and for plants with a mass of 18.65 g. water consumption for a growing season was 34.0 l. However, comparing the plant water consumption required for the formation of 1 g of root weight of the root crop, the opposite pattern is observed, for plants with a mass of 685.63 g, the water consumption rate for 1 g of the root weight of the root crop was 73 liters, while for plants with a weight of 18.65 g and 1 g of fresh root weight the rate was 97 liters. It was also found that the water consumption in a plant depends to a large extent on the degree of plant leaf amount. The higher the ratio of the aerial parts to the root crop is, the more water the plant consumes. Therefore, the formation of a unit of leaf mass requires much more water than a unit of root crops. It was revealed that water consumption increases signifi cantly in poorly developed plants, in which the ratio of aboveground mass and root crop is broken. Such a violation also occurs with high yields. The transpiration coefficient rises dramatically when chicory plants develops in the tops. The decrease in the transpiration rate from 261 to 211 in the course of root chicory growth and development is predetermined by the fact that in the early period of its development, the aboveground part intensively grows and larger amount of water is needed for its formation compared to that for the root unit formation. Thus, the issue of the transpiration relation with the water content in plant tissues is closely related and depends on the plant growth specifi c conditions. Well-developed plants, in comparison with poorly developed ones under the same nutritional conditions and soil moisture, usually contain more water in the tissues, and despite this, their transpiration rate is lower. Key words: root chicory, water consumption, transpiration coeffi cient, root crop mass, leaf mass.
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