The article analyzes the helicopters’ rational flight operation issue state in the reconstruction projects’ design and implementation to replace the cover structures of single-story industrial buildings. The practical use experience of helicopters in the conditions of an existing industrial enterprise is summarized. The basic prerequisites for the use of helicopters for the structures’ dismantling and installation are described. The joint development issues of the reconstruction projects using helicopters are considered, taking into account technological and organizational aspects. The structure and relationship of the technological process organization individual elements. A scheme for organizing and implementing a rational technology for mounting and dismounting using a helicopter, professionally trained flight crews, teams of ground installers to perform mounting and dismantling work during the industrial facilities reconstruction has been developed. The possible ways of expanding the operational range when using helicopters for installation and dismantling work are shown.
A resource-efficient method of installation of prefabricated monolithic floor slabs by increasing the degree of their construction readiness is proposed in the article. This effect is achieved by the reducing of their own weight and the use of fixed formwork. The reduction in the dead weight of the precast-monolithic floor slab is ensured by the use of light three dimensional lined forms of trapezoidal or rectangular shape, preferably made of expanded polystyrene during the installation of the floor slab. The use of fixed timber formwork will obviate the need for the later implementation of labor-intensive finishing and insulation works. Thus, the installed floor slab will have an increased degree of building readiness immediately after its manufacture, and will also reduce the weight of the structure, which in turn will reduce the material consumption and accordingly the cost of the supporting structures of the building.
The research discusses the ways to ensure the construction and operation reliability of the designed buildings and structures in earthquake-prone areas, which include the Republic of Crimea. Substantiated techniques for improving the installation structures’ technology of kinematic insulation systems developed and tested in the Krasnodar Territory of the Russian Federation are shown. The improvement consists of the innovative three-stage method of installation and alignment of concrete pipes, including successive concreting of foundations, assembly, alignment and pouring in the lower part of the column, and finally after maturing, non-alignment assembly of the middle and upper parts of the column. To reduce the intensity of inertial seismic loads, the use of precast-monolithic ceilings from hollow-core pinched reinforced concrete slabs or monolithic slabs with plastic inserts partially replacing reinforced concrete is justified. Improved designs of such plates are presented; their effectiveness and rational application are evaluated. Taking into account the preferable long periods of the insulation systems and foam glass-based finishing maintenance-free operation, their improved structural and technological solutions are presented as a part of earthquake-resistant wall filling of frame buildings.
The advantages and the need to improve the safety of work when using modern diamond technologies for cutting concrete and reinforced concrete structures which are common during the dismantling and reconstruction of civil objects are shown. Improved organizational, structural and technological schemes of cutting these structures with diamond disc and wire saws with remote control are reasonably proposed. Preliminary fastening of cut elements on independent spatial scaffolding with screw jacks is a distinctive feature of the proposed schemes. In case of reconstruction by means of a device or an increase of the size of openings in load-bearing reinforced concrete and stone walls, a preliminary installation and commissioning of reinforcement steel frames provided for by the project are proposed, on them – guides of diamond disc, chain or wire saws and only then – cutting of reinforced concrete with its forced canting outside the working area for recycling.
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