Applicability of development of technology using bioreactor and floating media filter is shown. The technology is based on the biological oxidation of iron and manganese by a group of iron oxidizing bacteria (IOB). The description, the operating principle and the results of technology testing are given. If the content of iron is 4,9-5,71 mg/L, manganese - 0,12-0,2 mg/L and carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide are present, the quality of treated water meets all normative requirements. A microscopic analysis of the backwash water from bioreactor and filter was carried out. It has been established that Leptothrix type iron oxidizing bacteria are involved in the oxidation of compounds of dissolved forms of iron and manganese.
The main pollutants of groundwater sources are compounds of iron, manganese and and dissolved gases (carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide). Requirements to small capacity groundwater treatment units specified by a group of consumers were reviewed in this work. Various aeration units are used at the first stage as a part of simplified aeration method in deferrization process flow chart. There is offered an innovative unit which combines several processes, such as aeration, degassing, filtering through the layer of expandable polystyrene foam. The unit allows excluding additional aeration units, washing pumps and flush water storage tanks, as well as to intensify the aeration-degassing process, increase treatment efficiency and provide specified requirements. The article contains data on modular units with capacity up to 1 m3/h, their operating principle and the laboratory equipment used, as well as the aeration and degassing processes analysis results. When the level of dissolved oxygen in groundwater reaches 1.24-1.64 mg/l and free carbon dioxide - 46.8-50 mg/l outbound of the aeration units dissolved gases are blown out (up to 36%), the concentration of oxygen increases up to 7 mg/l. which is enough for an effective water deferrization process. At the same time, this process takes less time up to 2.7) in the aeration unit rather than in the aeration column.
The main contaminants of groundwater are iron and manganese compounds, increased hardness, which are removed at groundwater conditioning stations. The article reviews the existing station that was built according to a conventional design and uses the method of simplified aeration with the following filtration through high-silica sand. Assessment of the technical condition of the station showed that the elements of the building are limited to work The filters are in poor condition, some of the filters are out of service, there are concrete corrosion, destruction of finishing layers in filters’ building, internal and external corrosion of metallic pipelines and valves, which depend on he quality of transported water. Wear of the technological pipelines is over 80%. Analysis of the efficiency of the station showed that it operates at 50% capacity and at the same time does not provide standards for the hardness of drinking water. Water consumption for the station’s own needs is 1.5 times higher than it was designed. There are no processing and reusing facilities for flushing water. Results of the technical and technological inspection of the station showed that there is a need for immediate modernization of the station including the improvement of the groundwater purification technology and bringing he quality to the standards for drinking water.
This thesis is dedicated to a systematic approach when choosing appropriate groundwater treatment technologies with regard to specific water consumers’ requirements. The groundwater analysis indicated that iron compounds were the main pollutants which could be found in biominerals, manganese, solution gases etc. This study represents the research results of compact groundwater treatment units which use nonchemical biological deferization methods and applied ozone treatment technologies. As the result, it was demonstrated that the source water with hydrogen-sulfide odor, 6.8 mg/l of iron content, 46 degrees of chromaticity and pH up to 7.6 was successfully treated in compliance with the statutory requirements. The authors also study wash water sediment structure and composition.
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