Aim of this paper is to detect determinants and to suggest a typology bullying. Four network samples of 218 students in total (male = 92, female = 126) at the Physical Education and Sport Sciences Dept. and the Veterinary Dept. of the University of Thessaly have been collected in 2017. Standardized questionnaire composed of network and non-network part was answered. Social network analysis and cross-sectional statistics (Spearman test and Principal Component Analysis) were implemented. Basic results: Female gender and traveling abroad for sport, the desire of distinction in science and the social selectiveness tend to protect against bullying. High semester, tallness, high educational influence of family and cyber-bullying increase the susceptibility to victimization. These who have experienced bullying as children still tend to experience exclusion. Libeling may even be a reason for not attending lectures. High grade seems not only to protect but also to discourage someone from practicing bullying. Science ambitions seem to be related with elitist ideology, unlike professional ambitions which seem to be related with humanism or sociability. Social selectiveness based on politeness and friendliness also retains the practicing of bullying. Five types of bullying targets have been depicted: "full victim", "apprenticed", "libeled scapegoat", "ridiculed scapegoat" and "gladiator". Three types of practicing bullying are formulated: "stimulating victimizer", "provocateur" and "egoist inspirator".
Aim of this research is to reveal social structures, typologies and determinants of verbal aggressiveness and bullying. Five students' networks from various Higher Education departments in Thessaly, Greece (Physical Education, Veterinary, Business Administration) (total nodes N = 245) have been examined by Social Network Analysis and conventional statistics in 2017. Main results: Rudeness relations are denser at the Physical Education department due to the intensity and pressure of corporal exercise. Social exclusion seems to be much more common practice. Hurting necessitates particularly intensive conditions while deriding, rudeness and threatening are compatible with any action of bullying. The offenders tend to practice simultaneously bullying and verbal aggressiveness but often against different targets. Various levels of victimization are diagnosed through selectiveness in strategies of offense. Obesity often constitutes a reason of depreciation. Education values stimulate respectfulness rather than aggressive jealousness. Ambitiousness, travelling experience, social selectiveness based on criteria of intellectual, encyclopedic qualifications or politeness also prevent verbal aggressiveness. Female students seem to be more invulnerable. Bullying seems to be reciprocal and diachronic. Verbal aggressiveness seems to conceal a presumption of corporal aggressiveness. Especially, ambitiousness in the scientific arena or the high education level of father seems to encourage practicing verbal aggressiveness.
A field experiment was conducted at Pylos, Greece to compare the effect of different types of fertilization on yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis) crop. The conventional treatment plots were fertilized with an inorganic fertilizer, whereas the organic treatments plots received organic compost. Data analysis confirmed no significant correlation between plant height and type of fertilization, but there was significant correlation between length of pods and type of fertilization. In particular, morphological characteristics of yardlong bean were enhanced by inorganic fertilization in comparison with the organic fertilization. Organic farming increased significantly the number on root nodules in comparison with conventional farming.
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