Background:In the literature, many studies were attempted to analyze the distribution of oral reactive lesions in terms of age, gender and location. However, very few studies have focused on the detailed histopathological features of these reactive lesions of oral cavity. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to document the occurrence, distribution and various histopathological features of reactive gingival lesions.Materials and Methods:This study is a retrospective archival review of reactive gingival lesions of oral cavity such as irritational fibroma (IF), inflammatory gingival hyperplasia (IGF), pyogenic granuloma (PG), peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) and peripheral ossifying fibroma involving gingival tissues. All the cases were histopathologically reviewed on some microscopical parameters according to the criteria given by Peralles et al.Results:Regarding epithelial morphology, atrophy, ulceration and hyperplasia were found predominantly in PG. Connective tissue was predominantly dense in IGF and IF with fibroblastic proliferation; whereas loose connective tissue was seen in PG. Vascular proliferation, especially capillary, was commonly present in PG and inflammatory gingival hyperplasia (IGH). Inflammatory cell infiltrate was intense in both PG and IGH. Mineralization showed a marked affinity for peripheral cement-ossifying fibroma, and bone/bone-like areas were found in about ten cases of them. The Foreign body type of multinucleated giant cells was found exclusively on PGCG.Conclusion:Despite their clinical similarities, the findings of this study reports that all reactive gingival lesions show some differences in age, type, location, duration and histopathological features. Nevertheless, the differing histological pictures are a range of a single lesion in diverse stages of maturation. Essential in the treatment of reactive lesions is the total removal of the lesion with local irritants such as defective restorations or calculus formation.

Introduction:The fixation of cytological smears using ethanol is the gold standard. But, there exists a quench to search a new alternative for it due to it being expensive, carcinogenic and not freely available. Honey has various properties, like dehydrant, anti-bacterial and antioxidant. The use of honey as a preservative in funerary practices is well documented. A thorough search in the literature did not reveal any matter for the utility of honey as a fixative in cytological smear, but its use in histopathology is well recognized.Aims:To analyze the efficacy of cytological smears fixed in ethanol and 20% unprocessed honey and to compare the efficacy between the two fixatives.Materials and Methods:The study group comprised of 30 normal healthy individuals who willingly gave written consent. Prior to the collection of buccal cells, subjects were asked to rinse their mouth with water. Buccal cells were collected using a wooden ice cream stick. Two smears were collected from each subject. One smear was fixed in ethanol and the other was fixed in unprocessed 20% honey. The slides were washed in tap water for about 30 s, following which they were subjected to the conventional Papanicolaou staining procedure. The slides thus fixed were evaluated separately for ethanol and honey. The cytoplasmic and nuclear details were scored for 50 cells in each slide. Data were statistically analyzed using the chi-square test and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:Ninety percent of the ethanol-fixed (EF) smears were adequately fixed as compared with the honey-fixed (HF) smears, which were 80% adequate. The P-value obtained was 0.47 and the data were statistically insignificant.Conclusion:Both EF and HF smears were at par with each other, and honey can be safely used as a substitute to ethanol.

Malignant tumors of submandibular salivary gland are rare in occurrence. Squamous cell carcinoma of salivary glands accounts for about 0.9-4.7% of all salivary gland tumors with a predilection to occur in parotid gland due to perinodal involvement. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of submandibular salivary gland accounts to about 2% of the tumors and hence it is being represented for its rarity.

A 35-year-old male patient reported with the chief complaint of a large swelling in the right side of the upper lip. The lesion measured 6.5 cm measuring from the infraorbital region to the lower border of mandible on the right side of the face and 7.5 cm from the right ear lobule to the contralateral commissure of the left side of the face. On palpation, the swelling was soft, fluctuant and compressible. Pulsations were felt, and on auscultation, bruit was also heard. Computed tomography angiogram of the neck and circle of Willis showed serpiginous hyperdense vascular channels causing significant soft-tissue thickening of the upper lip, right cheek region and philtrum. Hence, the diagnosis of diffuse subcutaneous facial arteriovenous malformation involving the right cheek and philtrum was given. The entire lesion was excised. In the postoperative 2nd month, secondary cosmetic correction or lip reconstruction was done. The patient was reviewed after 3 years; there was no recurrence of the lesion.

Background: Most common localized reactive lesions of oral cavity are focal fibrous hyperplasia, pyogenic granuloma (PG), irritational fibroma, peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG), peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF), fibro-epithelial hyperplasia/polyp, inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia and inflammatory gingival hyperplasia. Clinically, these reactive lesions often present diagnostic challenges because they mimic different groups of pathologic processes. The aim of this paper is to document the occurrence, distribution of clinical features of reactive lesions of oral cavity in 15 years of clinical practice in Raichur, Karnataka. Materials and Methods:This study is a retrospective archival review of 530 cases of focal reactive lesions of the oral cavity. The cases for inclusion in this study were PG, PGCG, POF, irritational fibroma, fibro-epithelial hyperplasia/polyp, inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia and inflammatory gingival hyperplasia. Clinical data of each patient such as age, gender, location, and treatment were retrieved from the records. Results: Inflammatory gingival hyperplasia was the most prevalent lesion and followed by PG. The age ranged from 7 to 63 years, with a mean age of 40.5 years. 261 cases were males and 269 cases were females. Male to female ratio being 1:1. With the exception of PG and inflammatory gingival hyperplasia, all reactive lesions were more common in males. Gingiva with 470 cases was the most frequent site of reactive lesions, followed by buccal mucosa and palate. Conclusion: Reported results on the age, gender, and location of the individual types of lesions are not consistent in different studies. Some of the differences may be attributed to the geographic or ethnic factors. Nevertheless, there is need for more epidemiological studies to establish a better and adequate program to educate general population. Inaddition an early diagnosis and elimination of such lesions may minimize possible dentoalveolar complications.