An experiment was conducted to evaluate the e¡ect of a hot water extract of brown seaweeds Sargassum duplicatum and Sargassum wightii on the growth and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) resistance in shrimp Penaeus monodon postlarvae (PL). Artemia nauplii (instar II) were enriched with both seaweed extracts at various concentrations (250, 500 and 750 mg L À 1 ) and fed to the respective P. monodon (PL15^35) group for 20 days. A control group was also maintained without seaweed extract supplementation. The weight gain of the experimental groups was signi¢cantly higher (0.274^0.323 g) than the control group (0.261g). Similarly, the speci¢c growth rate was also signi¢cantly higher (16.271 7.06%) in the experimental groups than in the control group (16.03%). After 20 days of the feeding experiment, the shrimp PL were challenged with WSSV for 21 days. During the challenge test, the control shrimp displayed 100% mortality within 8 days. In contrast, the mortality percentage of the highest concentration (750 mg L À 1 ) of seaweed extract enriched Artemia nauplii fed shrimp was 54^79%. Comparatively, low mortality was observed in S. wightii extract-enriched Artemia nauplii fed shrimp. The polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated the concentration-dependent infection of WSSV in P. monodon PL. 910 bp).wModerate (11; 550 bp). zLow (1; 296 bp). PCR, polymerase chain reaction.Aquaculture Research, 2010, 41, e545^e553 E¡ect of brown seaweeds G Immanuel et al.
Sodium alginate extracted from brown seaweed Sargassum wightii (16.35 ± 1.42%, mean [± SD] yield from 5 extractions) was prepared as a powder or beads and used to enrich Artemia nauplii at concentrations of 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg l −1 . The alginate-enriched nauplii were fed to Penaeus monodon shrimp postlarvae (PL) stage 15 (PL15, i.e. 15 d old) for 20 d. Mean weight gain and specific growth rate over this period were 0.24 g and 15.8%, respectively, in PL groups not fed alginate, and 0.20−0.28 g and 14.7−16.5%, respectively, in PL groups fed alginate. Amongst PL35 then challenged with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) by immersion, all PL not fed alginate died within 9 d. However, amongst PL fed the 4 concentrations of alginate powder or beads, mortality rates reduced with increasing alginate concentration, and between 25 and 32% PL remained alive when the bioassay was terminated on Day 21. Amongst alginate-fed PL groups compared with the control group, mortality was reduced by 26.5 to 58.4%. Nested PCR detection of WSSV revealed sodium alginate concentration-dependent reductions in infection loads. The data indicate that sodium alginate extracted from brown seaweed and fed to P. monodon can retard progression of WSSV disease.
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