Drawing on self-determination theory, Mullan, Markland, and Ingledew (1997) developed the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ) to measure the continuum of behavioral regulation in exercise contexts. The BREQ assesses external, identified, introjected, and intrinsic regulations. Mullan et al. initially included a set of amotivation items but dropped these due to high levels of skewness and a restricted response range in their development sample. It would clearly be useful to assess amotivation for exercise. This study aimed to test the factorial validity of a modified BREQ with amotivation items reinstated in a sample likely to exhibit a wider range of amotivation responses. A total of 194 former exercise referral scheme participants completed the revised instrument (BREQ-2). Although the amotivation items were still skewed, confirmatory factor analysis using the Satorra-Bentler (1994) scaling correction to χ 2 indicated an excellent model fit. The BREQ-2 could prove useful to researchers wishing to assess amotivation in order to develop a more complete understanding of motivation for exercise.Key Words: exercise motivation, measurement, self-determination theory Self-determination theory (SDT: Deci & Ryan, 1985, 1991) is a popular theoretical framework for the investigation of motivation in exercise psychology. One aspect of the theory that has generated particular interest is its multidimensional conceptualization of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. According to SDT, there are varying forms of motivation that represent qualitatively different ways in which a behavior can be regulated. The theory proposes that these forms of regulation lie along a continuum ranging from completely non-self-determined to completely self-determined regulation. The six different forms of regulation are labeled: amotivation, external regulation, introjection, identification, integration, and intrinsic regulation.Amotivation is a state of lacking any intention to engage in a behavior and is a completely non-self-determined form of regulation. External regulation involves engaging in a behavior only in order to satisfy external pressures or to achieve externally imposed rewards. Introjected regulation involves the internalization of external controls, which are then applied through self-imposed pressures in order to

Motivational interviewing has become widely adopted as a counseling style for promoting behavior change; however, as yet it lacks a coherent theoretical framework for understanding its processes and efficacy. This article proposes that self-determination theory (SDT) can offer such a framework. The principles of motivational interviewing and SDT are outlined and the parallels between them are drawn out. We show how both motivational interviewing and SDT are based on the assumption that humans have an innate tendency for personal growth toward psychological integration, and that motivational interviewing provides the social-environmental facilitating factors suggested by SDT to promote this tendency. We propose that adopting an SDT perspective could help in furthering our understanding of the psychological processes involved in motivational interviewing.Motivational interviewing has become widely adopted as a counseling style for facilitating behavior change. Having evolved originally from clinical experience in the treatment of problem drinking, motivational interviewing was first described by Miller (1983). Its principles and clinical procedures were expanded upon by Rollnick (1991, 2002). Motivational interviewing and adaptations of motivational interviewing

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