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Background Cancer refers to a group of diseases characterized by the development of abnormal cells that divide uncontrollably and have the ability to infiltrate and destroy normal body tissue. Worldwide, it is the second most leading cause of death. Dietary intake of bioactive compounds from plant sources has been documented for their protective effect against different types of human ailments including cancer. Main body Sinapic acid (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) (SA) is a promising phytochemical, available in oil seeds, berries, spices, vegetables and cereals. SA has been well documented for its antibacterial, anti-peroxidative, anti-hyperglycemic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, reno-protective, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory and anticancer effects. Nevertheless, the anticancer activity of SA has remained a challenge with regard to understanding its mechanism in health and diseases. Short conclusion This review is an effort to summarize the updated literature available about the mechanisms involved in the anticancer effects of SA in order to recommend this compound for further future investigations.

Background Homeostatic regulation of cardiomyocytes is indispensable in maintaining the normal physiological activity of cardiac tissue. Cardiotoxicity induced by drugs may lead to cardiac abnormalities such as arrhythmia, myocardial infarction and myocardial hypertrophy. Moreover, drug-induced cardiotoxicity confines the additional use of the implicated drugs. Several studies have reported that consumption of phytochemicals on regular intervals shall protect humans against numerous diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory diseases and cancer. Main body Ferulic acid (FA) is a plant derived polyphenol abundantly found in vegetables, fruits and grains. FA is widely known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, nephroprotective and hepatoprotective effects. FA has been well documented for its cardioprotective activity against various drugs and toxic agents as well. However, the cardioprotective action of FA have remained a challenge with regard to understanding its mechanism in health and diseases. Conclusion The main purpose of this review is to explore the cardioprotective mechanisms of FA against several drugs and chemicals to recommend further studies to investigate the potential protective effect of FA.

Background The awareness in the consumption of plant-based food has gained attention in the recent years. Phytochemicals are thought to play a critical role in health promotion and in the prevention and management of chronic diseases. These compounds have reported to produce little or no side effects and are thus significantly used in treating various ailments. d-Pinitol is the chief active compound found in soy and soy products. Several studies have shown the health benefits of d-pinitol such as antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. In this review, an attempt has been made to review the effects of d-pinitol against diabetes mellitus in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Methodology Journal articles were sourced and filtered with relevant keywords on “d-pinitol and diabetes mellitus”. Scientific databases, including PubMed, NCBI, Google Scholar, Science Direct, SciFinder and Web of Science, were accessed to identify the most relevant articles on the effect of d-pinitol in diabetes mellitus. The study duration was from September 2021 to February 2022. Results This comprehensive review demonstrates the application of d-pinitol against diabetes mellitus. Most of the animal and clinical studies included in this review reported that d-pinitol treatment effectively regulated hyperglycemia and prevented insulin resistance. Conclusions d-Pinitol could serve as an effective anti-hyperglycemic agent for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Further research to study its safety and mechanism of action is recommended in order to employ this compound for clinical trials.

In recent years, the application of phytochemicals to prevent or treat diseases has received greater attention. These phytochemicals have little or no toxicity against healthy tissues and are thus considered as ideal compounds. An impressive number of modern drugs are obtained from natural sources based on their traditional value. D-Pinitol is a natural compound that is derived from soy and soy products. It is a potentially active molecule that belongs to the class of inositols. D-pinitol has been pharmacologically evaluated for its potent antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, renoprotective, neuroprotective, immunosuppressive, and anti-osteoporotic efficacies. This review is an attempt to validate the plausible pharmacological effects of D-pinitol using various in vivo and in vitro studies.