The Ginoide Hydrolipodystrophy (GHLD), commonly known as cellulite, occurs in 80-90% of the female population after the puberty period and comes from a metabolic modification in the cutaneous adipose tissue. Caffeine has been used in topical formulations due to its lipolytic action. We studied a nanoemulsion (F3) containing caffeine with two surfactants (oleth-3 and oleth-20) by emulsification method by phase inversion temperature inversion (PIT). The polydispersion indices (PDI) showed the reduced deviation of 0.1. The mean droplet size was ~ 40 nm. The evaluated constant of Ostwald, in the refrigerator condition was the most favorable during the stability test. In the In Raman spectroscopy assay, the caffeine bands found in F3 were compatible with those found in the caffeine solution (1337, 652.5 and 558.2 cm-1). There was no interaction of caffeine anhydrous with other ingredients in nanoemulsion. In the in vitro safety assay the result of 1.4 ranked the F3 as slightly irritating. In the natural membrane, cutaneous permeation test (human skin) permeate concentrations did not exceed the saturation concentration of the PBS buffer (48.96 μg/3 mL). The caffeine solution and F3 permeated statistically equal, but the nanoemulsion visually and sensorially improved the caffeine precipitation.
Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Research J o r n a l d e I n v e s t i g a ç ã o B i o m é d i c a e B i o f a r m a c ê u t i c aBiometrological methods to evaluate in vivo the skin hydratation of different commercial moisturizers containing 10.0% urea as the main claim AbstractThe biometrological measurements of skin hydration and transepidermal water loss are important parameters to evaluate the moisturizing ability of creams and lotions suitable for this purpose. This study analyzed, through biometrological tests, the performance of five different commercial moisturizing creams containing 10.0 % urea. The amount of water in the stratum corneum was analyzed by Corneometer®, equipment that measures the skin hydration by capacitance principle. The transepidermal water loss was analyzed by TEWLmeter®, equipment that measures water evaporation through the skin. Student t-tests were applied to these measures, which demonstrated significant differences between the hydration performances of the moisturizing creams analyzed. The moisturizer identified as "D" showed a better moisturizing ability and better prevented transepidermal water loss. Overall, results showed the importance of testing equivalence for topical products, since, as demonstrated in this study, although certain products may contain the same active substance, differences in their vehicles' composition can alter the effectiveness.Keywords: Moisturizers; Skin hydration; Urea; Transepidermical water loss. ResumoAs medidas biometrológicas referentes à hidratação cutânea e à perda de água transepidérmica são parâmetros importantes para avaliação da capacidade hidratante de cremes e loções indicados para tal finalidade. Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal a análise, através de testes biometrológicos, da performance hidratante de cinco tradicionais cremes do mercado que possuem a concentração de 10 % de ureia como seu claim principal. Analisou-se a quantidade de água no estrato córneo através do Corneometer®, equipamento que utiliza o princípio de capacitância para medir a hidratação cutânea; e a perda de água transepidérmica, através do TEWLmeter®, equipamento que mede a taxa de evaporação da água pela pele. Às medidas biometrológicas obtidas, foram aplicados testes do tipo t-Student, a partir dos quais ficou demonstrada a existência de diferenças significativas entre as performances de hidratação dos cremes analisados. O creme identificado como "D" demonstrou melhor capacidade hidratante e melhor prevenção da perda de água transepidérmica. Os resultados mostraram a importância da realização testes de equivalência também para produtos de aplicação tópica, uma vez que, conforme demonstrado neste estudo, apesar de alguns produtos conterem a mesma substância ativa, diferenças na composição de seus veículos podem alterar sua efetividade.
Exposure to the sun can have health benefits, however, excess exposure can cause skin damage, such as skin cancer. Photoprotection can be used as a preventive method against the harmful effects of the ultraviolet (UV) radiation and Brazilian biodiversity is a fertile field for research in this area. Therefore, the aim of this study was the development of sunscreens containing quercetin (bioactive compound) and inorganic filters (titanium dioxide and zinc oxide) with further characterization of the formulae and evaluation of stability. Formulations containing the bioactive compound, isolated or in association with the inorganic filters, presented: pH values biocompatible with the skin; apparent viscosity between 10550 and 23600 cP; sun protection factor (SPF) between 2.1 and 22.5; and broad spectrum protection, with critical wavelengths above 379 nm. It was found that the association of quercetin with inorganic filters was not adequate due to the negative interactions that occurred between the bioactive compound and the metals, which were only identified during the stability study. However, considering the in vitro estimated efficacy of the isolated flavonoid, its use can still be explored as an alternative substitute to classic UV filters.
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