Purpose -Understanding of antecedence of organizational identification (OID) will help managements to improve the efficiency of organizations by enabling employees to perform their roles and responsibilities with total commitment. Many micro-level factors have been found to influence OID. The present study aims to examine the role of organizational culture (OC) which encompasses all micro-level factors and the moderating role of organizational learning (OL) which is a framework either to totally submit to or redefine the tenets of different cultural orientations adopted by organizations. Design/methodology/approach -Four cultural types, namely clan, ad hocracy, hierarchy and market, were treated as independent variables; two learning styles, namely single loop (SLL) and double loop (DLL) learning styles, were included as moderator variables and four OID dimensions, namely positive identification, ambivalent identification, neutral identification and disidentification, were treated as dependent variables of a path analysis model. Three hundred and seventy-eight employees of ten private sector insurance companies located in south India were included as subjects and data on three questionnaires were collected. Best fitting path models one for each dependent variables, which had conceptual and practical relevance, were retained. Findings -Adhocracy and hierarchy cultures show direct positive impact on positive identification and show direct negative impact on other three modes of identification. Clan culture shows a weak tendency towards positive identification and does not influence other three modes. Market culture shows no impact on positive identification but influences other modes. DLL and SLL learning both in isolation and in combination moderate the relationships to cultural orientations and various modes of OID. Originality/value -This study highlights the importance of OC and OL in developing OID among the employees. The insights drawn from the findings can be used to build comprehensive model of OID.

Graves orbitopathy (GO) is an autoimmune disorder representing the most frequent extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves disease. It is rare, with an age-adjusted incidence of approximately 16.0 cases per 100,000 population per year in women and 2.9 cases per 100,000 population per year in men. GO is an inflammatory process characterized by edema and inflammation of the extraocular muscles and an increase in orbital connective tissue and fat. Despite recent progress in the understanding of its pathogenesis, GO often remains a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. It has become increasingly important to classify patients into categories based on disease activity at initial presentation. A Hertel exophthalmometer measurement of >2 mm above normal for race usually categorizes a patient as having moderate-to-severe GO. Encouraging smoking cessation and achieving euthyroidism in the individual patient are important. Simple treatment measures such as lubricants for lid retraction, nocturnal ointments for incomplete eye closure, prisms in diplopia, or botulinum toxin injections for upper-lid retraction can be effective in mild cases of GO. Glucocorticoids, orbital radiotherapy, and decompression/rehabilitative surgery are generally indicated for moderate-to-severe GO and for sight-threatening optic neuropathy. Future therapies, including rituximab aimed at treating the molecular and immunological basis of GO, are under investigation and hold promise for the future.

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Isolated levocardia with situs inversus, or ILSI, is a rare anomaly with a reported incidence of 1:22,000 in the general population and from 0.4% to 1.2% of all patients with congenital heart diseases. It is commonly associated with both congenital heart disease and splenic abnormalities, either asplenia or polysplenia. The prognosis is poor, and only about 5% to 13% of patients survive more than 5 years. The case described here, which had computed tomographic findings, is the first case reported with multiple malignancies associated with ILSI. This patient, at 73 years of age, is the second longest survivor reported in the literature.

Seven hundred fifty-three students from seven cities of India reported: (a) their perception of what people in general believe, practise and prefer (i.e., operative values); (b) their own allocentric and idiocentric orientations; (c) the extent to which they attached importance to other's (over their own) opinions, desires and interests; and (d) their age, gender, caste, class and urban exposure. The significant mean differences between the seven sub-samples led to identify three clusters of cities, namely the North, the South and the Central. The North and the South presented a contrast—the former manifesting strong orientations to meet unjustifiable and inconvenient social obligations and to cultivate personalised relationships. The Central cluster showed a differentpattern. The items on which the sub-samples did not differ formed a general factor of collectivism consisting of the themes of familialism, hierarchy and relationship orientation. Collectivism was found to be unrelated to the respondents' rating of the importance attached to other's (over one's own) opinions, desires and interests. Femalestudents, and those who were low on caste, class and urban exposure attached greater importance to others' than to one's own desires, opinions and interests. The self-ratings of allocentrism and idiocentrism proved to be unreliable.