Somatostatin receptor expression in non-classical locations – clinical relevance?

Bhanat, Eldrin; Koch, Christian A.; Parmar, Rinkuben; Garla, Vishnu; Vijayakumar, Vani

doi:10.1007/s11154-018-9470-3

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…PET scans captured CAR-T cell expansion and contraction kinetics ( 75 ). However, background expression of SSTR2 may preclude its use in clinical trials ( 76 ). Emami-Shahri et al used human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS), which is compatible with

, a cheap and widely used clinical radiotracer.…”

Section: Car Detection At the Organismal Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chimeric Antigen Receptor Detection Toolkit

Huang

2020

Front. Immunol.

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Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy is a promising frontier of immunoengineering and cancer immunotherapy. Methods that detect, quantify, track, and visualize the CAR, have catalyzed the rapid advancement of CART cell therapy from preclinical models to clinical adoption. For instance, CAR-staining/labeling agents have enabled flow cytometry analysis, imaging applications, cell sorting, and high-dimensional clinical profiling. Molecular assays, such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction, integration site analysis, and RNA-sequencing, have characterized CAR transduction, expression, and in vivo CART cell expansion kinetics. In vitro visualization methods, including confocal and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, have captured the molecular details underlying CAR immunological synapse formation, signaling, and cytotoxicity. In vivo tracking methods, including two-photon microscopy, bioluminescence imaging, and positron emission tomography scanning, have monitored CART cell biodistribution across blood, tissue, and tumor. Here, we review the plethora of CAR detection methods, which can operate at the genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and organismal levels. For each method, we discuss: (1) what it measures; (2) how it works; (3) its scientific and clinical importance; (4) relevant examples of its use; (5) specific protocols for CAR detection; and (6) its strengths and weaknesses. Finally, we consider current scientific and clinical needs in order to provide future perspectives for improved CAR detection.

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, a cheap and widely used clinical radiotracer.…”

Section: Car Detection At the Organismal Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chimeric Antigen Receptor Detection Toolkit

Huang

2020

Front. Immunol.

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“…SSTR2 can be detected with [ 68 Ga]DOTATATE, which is now commercially available. SSTR2 is, however, expressed in various normal tissues, which could provide nonspecific signal (20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging CAR T cell therapy with PSMA-targeted positron emission tomography

Huss²,

et al. 2019

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Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for hematologic malignancies is fraught with several unknowns, including number of functional T cells that engage target tumor, durability and subsequent expansion and contraction of that engagement, and whether toxicity can be managed. Non-invasive, serial imaging of CAR T cell therapy using a reporter transgene can address those issues quantitatively. We have transduced anti-CD19 CAR T cells with the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) because it is a human protein with restricted normal tissue expression and has an expanding array of positron emission tomography (PET) and therapeutic radioligands. We demonstrate that CD19-tPSMA(N9del) CAR T cells can be tracked with [18F]DCFPyL PET in a Nalm6 model of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Divergence between the number of CD19-tPSMA(N9del) CAR T cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow and those in tumor was evident. These findings underscore the need for non-invasive repeatable monitoring of CAR T cell disposition clinically.

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“…Monitoring of treatment of SST analogues and changedcirculating CGA levels can predict disease recurrence, outcome, and efficacy (29). It is very interesting that the image for SST-SSTRs showed nonspecific accumulation in activated immunological cells, lymphocytes, epithelioid cells, monocytes, and blood vessels (76).…”

Section: Sst-sstrs In Basic Research and Clinical Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Versatile Functions of Somatostatin and Somatostatin Receptors in the Gastrointestinal System

Shamsi¹,

Chatoo²,

Xu³

et al. 2021

Front. Endocrinol.

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Somatostatin (SST) and somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) play an important role in the brain and gastrointestinal (GI) system. SST is produced in various organs and cells, and the inhibitory function of somatostatin-containing cells is involved in a range of physiological functions and pathological modifications. The GI system is the largest endocrine organ for digestion and absorption, SST-endocrine cells and neurons in the GI system are a critical effecter to maintain homeostasis via SSTRs 1-5 and co-receptors, while SST-SSTRs are involved in chemo-sensory, mucus, and hormone secretion, motility, inflammation response, itch, and pain via the autocrine, paracrine, endocrine, and exoendocrine pathways. It is also a power inhibitor for tumor cell proliferation, severe inflammation, and post-operation complications, and is a first-line anti-cancer drug in clinical practice. This mini review focuses on the current function of producing SST endocrine cells and local neurons SST-SSTRs in the GI system, discusses new development prognostic markers, phosphate-specific antibodies, and molecular imaging emerging in diagnostics and therapy, and summarizes the mechanism of the SST family in basic research and clinical practice. Understanding of endocrines and neuroendocrines in SST-SSTRs in GI will provide an insight into advanced medicine in basic and clinical research.

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Somatostatin receptor expression in non-classical locations – clinical relevance?

Cited by 19 publications

References 59 publications

The Chimeric Antigen Receptor Detection Toolkit

The Chimeric Antigen Receptor Detection Toolkit

Imaging CAR T cell therapy with PSMA-targeted positron emission tomography

Versatile Functions of Somatostatin and Somatostatin Receptors in the Gastrointestinal System

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