IMPORTANCE COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, has disproportionately affected Black and Hispanic communities in the US, which can be attributed to social factors including inconsistent public health messaging and suboptimal adoption of prevention efforts. OBJECTIVES To identify behaviors and evaluate trends in COVID-19-mitigating practices in a predominantly Black and Hispanic population, to identify differences in practices by self-reported ethnicity, and to evaluate whether federal emergency financial assistance was associated with SARS-CoV-2 acquisition. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This survey study was conducted by telephone from July 1 through August 30, 2020, on a random sample of adults who underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing at a safety-net health care system in Chicago during the surge in COVID-19 cases in the spring of 2020. Behaviors and receipt of a stimulus check were compared between participants testing positive and negative for SARS-CoV-2. Differences in behaviors and temporal trends were assessed by race and ethnicity. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES SARS-CoV-2 infection was assessed using nasopharyngeal quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction testing. Mitigating behaviors and federal emergency financial assistance were assessed by survey. Race and ethnicity data were collected from electronic health records. RESULTS Of 750 randomly sampled individuals, 314 (41.9%) consented to participate (169 [53.8%] women). Of those, 159 (51%) self-reported as Hispanic and 155 (49%) as non-Hispanic (120 [38.2%]Black), of whom 133 (84%) and 76 (49%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, respectively. For all participants, consistent mask use (public transport: adjusted odds ratio [aOR]

T he continuous rise of infections secondary to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the United States is a complex public health problem and considered a serious threat by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1). Recently, the incidence of infections caused by ESBL producers in the United States was noted to have increased by 53.3% during 2019-2017, driven largely by a surge in community-onset cases (2). Globally, a similar trend has been described, and developing countries bear a disproportionate burden of infections secondary to these drug-resistant pathogens (3-5). The steady increases in rates of infections caused by ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae persist despite antimicrobial stewardship and infection control efforts (6,7).Initially confi ned to the healthcare environment, infections caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae among patients without previous healthcare exposure have been described since the mid-2000s (8,9). This epidemiologic shift has been largely attributed to the emergence of the CTX-M-producing E. coli sequence type (ST) 131 clone, which expanded rapidly throughout the United States and remains the most prevalent ESBL-producing E. coli clone in the community (10). In addition to higher virulence and transmissibility of the E. coli ST131 clone, its therapeutic management is particularly challenging because of its associated resistance to commonly used oral antimicrobial drugs such as quinolones and trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole (6,10).From an epidemiologic standpoint, multiple transmission pathways for community-onset ESBLproducing Enterobacteriaceae have been proposed. Potential sources of acquisition outside of healthcare environments include gastrointestinal colonization after international travel (11,12) and transmission among household members (7,13). In addition, ES-BL-producing Enterobacteriaceae have been isolated from foodstuffs (14,15), livestock ( 14), and waterways (16,17), all of which have been posited as potential sources for human colonization and subsequent infection. A better understanding of the epidemiology of community-onset infections caused by ESBLproducing bacteria across geographic areas can help Spatial, Ecologic, and Clinical Epidemiology of Community-Onset, Ceftriaxone-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae,

Our data show that, in our neonatal population, the reproducibility of PCR assay results for culture-negative patients was low compared with the reproducibility of results for culture-positive patients. Furthermore, the low PPV suggests that for nearly half of individuals who were PCR-positive, the result was falsely positive, which argues against the use of PCR assays alone for MRSA screening in the NICU.

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