Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições desde que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado. Aspectos físico-químicos ResumoObjetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar as características físico-químicas e microbiológicas de polpas de frutas congeladas comercializadas em Petrolina (PE) e Juazeiro (BA). Para tanto, foram analisados sete sabores de quatro marcas de polpas de frutas (A, B, C e D) quanto ao número total de bolores e leveduras, coliformes totais e termotolerantes a 45 °C (fecais), pH, sólidos solúveis e cor. Os resultados obtidos para um mesmo sabor, das diferentes marcas, de quatro repetições, foram submetidos à análise de variância e comparação de médias pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de significância. Os resultados de cada amostra foram comparados, individualmente, aos valores determinados pela legislação brasileira para cada sabor de polpa de fruta. Todas as marcas apresentaram características de sólidos solúveis e cor condizentes com a legislação, com pequenas variações entre marcas, a depender do sabor. A marca C apresentou amostras com valores elevados de bolores e leveduras em todos os sabores. Observou-se, ainda, valores de pH diferentes do estabelecido pela legislação nas polpas de manga e caju. Também foram detectados coliformes termotolerantes em polpas da marca C. Concluiu-se que 61,75% das polpas da marca C, 14,29% das polpas da marca A e 14,29% das polpas da marca D apresentaram-se impróprias para o consumo. Constatou-se também a necessidade de se estabelecerem, na legislação, padrões físico-químicos para polpas de abacaxi e tamarindo. Palavras-chave: Segurança alimentar; Bolores; Leveduras; Coliformes. SummaryThis study aimed to evaluate some physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of frozen fruit pulps marketed in Petrolina (PE/Brazil) and Juazeiro (BA/Brazil). For this purpose seven flavours of four brands (A, B, C and D) of frozen fruit pulps were evaluated for the total number of moulds and yeasts, total coliforms and coliforms heat tolerant at 45 °C (faecal), pH, soluble solids and colour. The results obtained for the same flavour of different brands, with four repetitions, were submitted to an analysis of variance and the means compared using Tukey´s test (5% significance). Furthermore, the results were evaluated based on the Brazilian legislation for each type of fruit pulp. All the brands showed colours and total soluble solids which conformed with the legislation, with minor variations between brands depending on the flavour. The samples of brand C presented high levels of moulds and yeasts for all flavours and pH values different from those established by the Brazilian legislation for mango and cashew pulps. Faecal coliforms were also detected in the brand C pulps. It was concluded that 61.75% of brand C, 14.29% of brand A and 14.29% of brand D frozen fruit pulps were unfit for consumption. The need to establish physical and chemic...
RESUMORizobactérias promotoras do crescimento de plantas (RPCPs) podem ser uma alternativa para o aumento da produtividade de várias espécies vegetais, inclusive alface. Conduziram-se quatro experimentos com isolados de rizobactérias de diversas origens para verificar sua capacidade de promoção de crescimento de plantas de alface. Ao todo, testaram-se 77 isolados de Pseudomonas do grupo fluorescente, 23 de Bacillus e 11 de outras bactérias rizosféricas em areia esterilizada, em solo esterilizado, em substrato formado por uma mistura de solo e esterco (1:1, em volume), de forma semelhante à usada pelos produtores, e em areia com a solução nutritiva recomendada para cultivos hidropônicos, em duas concentrações. Foi marcante o benefício exercido pelas bactérias do gênero Pseudomonas em contraposição às dos outros gêneros, revelando algum favorecimento dessas bactérias na rizosfera de alface, de forma a promover melhor crescimento das plantas. Houve diferenças no comportamento dos isolados conforme a fertilidade do substrato.
The aim of this study was to evaluate melon growth promotion by fluorescent rhizobacteria of Pseudomonas spp. under saline stress. Soil samples were collected in agricultural properties of Juazeiro/BA, Petrolina/PE and Curaça/BA in the Submedium Region of the São Francisco Valley to conduct sampling of bacterial isolates. The obtained isolates were analyzed regarding cultural characteristics and tolerance to salinity in the following NaCl concentrations: 0; 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250 and 1500 mM. Among the isolated bacteria, 20 were identified and used to evaluate growth promotion on melons in a protected environment. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized 21 x 4 factorial design, with 20 bacterial isolates, one control without inoculation and four salinity levels (0.2, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 dS m-1), and it was replicated seven times. A total of 147 bacterial isolates were obtained from soil samples with electric conductivity ranging from 0.8 to 60.4 dS m-1. Cell growth was inhibited starting at 750 mM of "in vitro" saline concentration, with tolerance observed up to 1500 mM. Pseudomonas spp. isolates were capable of promoting melon growth under non-saline conditions and of mitigating the harmful effects of excessive concentrations of soluble salts in the growth substrate.
One of the main problems faced by mango growers in the San Francisco Valley, Brazil, is caused by fungi. Among them, the genus Alternaria, Lasodiploida and Colletotrichum stand out. Sanitization methods have been studied in order to control the proliferation of these microorganisms and increase the shelf life of the fruits. Thus, two methods of sanitization were evaluated: Ozone and chlorine dioxide, in the control of fungi of the genus Alternaria and in the increase of post-harvest quality of Palmer mango fruits. We used a 3 × 5 factorial design with three treatments applied to fruits previously inoculated with fungi, five evaluation periods and five replications, totaling 75 experimental units. The treatments consisted of ozonated water at 3 ppm, chlorine dioxide at 12 ppm, and a control without sanitization. We noted the full development of fungi from the 10th day after contamination, more significantly for the control and to a lesser extent for the treatment with ozone. The methods of conservation with ozone and chlorine dioxide proved efficient in the conservation of fruits. The treatment with chlorine dioxide shows a significant efficiency in the control of penetration of fungi of the genus Alternaria inside the fruits.
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