-Structural differences such as abnormalities, damage and free spaces in seeds may affect germination. The aim of this study was to study the relationship between eggplant seed morphology and seed germination. Ten seed lots of the eggplant cultivar Embu were evaluated by X-ray image analysis and the germination test. Seed image analysis was performed by Image Pro Plus ® software and the whole seed area and free space between the embryo and endosperm were measured. The internal seed area filled by the embryo and endosperm was calculated from the difference between the whole seed and free space areas. Based on these results and visual seed analysis, seeds were classified into three categories and information on germination was obtained for each one. X-ray image analysis provides a perfect view of the internal seed parts and for seed morphology studies. An increase in seed area filled by the endosperm and embryo does not improve seed germination. Mechanical seed damage and deteriorated tissues can adversely affect seed germination.Index terms: X-ray, Solanum melongena L., embryo.Relação entre a morfologia interna e a germinação de sementes de berinjela RESUMO -Diferenças estruturais como anormalidades, danos e áreas livres no interior da semente podem afetar diretamente a germinação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a relação existente entre a morfologia interna de sementes de berinjela e a germinação. Para tanto, sementes de berinjela, representadas por 10 lotes (cultivar Embu), foram avaliadas por meio do teste de raios X, sendo posteriormente submetidas ao teste de germinação. As imagens das sementes foram analisadas com o software Image Pro Plus ® e o espaço livre entre o embrião e o endosperma de cada semente foi mensurado calculando-se o espaço da cavidade interna das sementes ocupado pelo embrião e endosperma, por diferença; com base nestes dados e na análise visual das sementes, foi realizada a classificação das sementes em três categorias e os resultados foram confrontados com os dados de germinação. Conclui-se que a análise de raios X permite a visualização das partes componentes das sementes de berinjela e, assim, possibilita o estudo da relação entre a morfologia interna e a germinação. A presença de maior área ocupada pelo embrião e endosperma não favoreceu a germinação. Danos mecânicos ou presença de tecidos deteriorados nas sementes podem afetar negativamente a germinação.Termos para indexação: Solanum melongena L., raios X, embrião.
RESUMO-Acca sellowiana O. (Berg) Burret é uma fruteira nativa da região Sul do Brasil e do Uruguai, que apresenta grande potencial de uso na recuperação de áreas degradadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a morfologia interna de sementes de Acca sellowiana O. Berg por meio da análise de imagens de raios X e relacionar os resultados com a germinação das sementes. Sementes de Acca sellowiana O. Berg, representadas por três lotes, foram analisadas pelo teste de raios X e, posteriormente, conduzidas ao teste de germinação, com avaliação aos 44 dias após a semeadura. As imagens de raios X foram analisadas com o software ImageJ. A análise das imagens radiográficas de sementes de Acca sellowiana permite a mensuração das áreas internas livres, assim como a determinação da relação entre estas e a germinação. Danos internos detectados por meio de raios X afetam a germinação das sementes. Termos para indexação: raios X, imagens, danos. Acca sellowiana O. Berg SEED MORPHOLOGY EVALUATION BY IMAGE ANALYSIS ABSTRACT -Acca sellowiana O. (Berg )Burret is a species native from southern of Brazil and Uruguay which has great potential for use in the recovery of native forests and degraded areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphology of Acca sellowiana O. Berg seeds by analysis of X-ray images and correlate the results with seed germination. Acca sellowiana O. Berg seeds, represented by three lots, were analyzed by X-ray test and later the same seeds were submitted to the germination test, with assessment at 44 days after sowing. X-ray images were analyzed with ImageJ software. X-ray test allows Acca sellowiana internal morphology seeds visualization. Seed image analysis allows the measurement of internal seed areas and assists in the study of relationships between seed morphology and germination. The seed internal free space and the presence of damages can affect germination.
O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência do sistema computadorizado de análise de imagens de plântulas Seed Vigor Imaging System (SVIS(r)), em comparação com os outros testes recomendados para determinação do vigor de sementes de girassol. Foram utilizados dez lotes de sementes, cultivar Catissol 01, os quais foram avaliados quanto ao potencial fisiológico por meio dos testes de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado, emergência de plântulas em areia e em campo e análise de imagens de plântulas com o sistema SVIS(r), aos 0 e 4 meses de armazenamento. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado para os testes realizados em laboratório e blocos ao acaso para o teste de emergência de plântulas em campo; em ambos os casos, foram utilizadas 4 repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Scott Knott a 5% de probabilidade. Verificou-se que a análise computadorizada de imagens de plântulas com SVIS(r) é eficiente para avaliação do vigor de sementes de girassol.
Seed priming is a technique used to induce metabolic germination processes. Use of growth regulators in seed priming may facilitate increments in physiological processes during seed germination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of priming and growth regulators on beet seed germination. The treatments were cultivar type (Early Wonder, Itapuã and Maravilha) and seed priming technique, which included a control (unconditioned seed) standard hydropriming (water) and a conditioning with salicylic, gibberellic and ascorbic acids, respectively. The treatments were defined by initially testing 0, 1, 2 and 4 mM ascorbic, gibberellic and salicylic acids. Before seed priming, imbibition seed curves were established to determine the optimal conditioning time. After conditioning, the germination, rate of germination, seedling length and seedling dry weight were evaluated. First, the appropriate dosage for conditioning was determined by using a completely randomized experimental design, with four replications per cultivar. Then, a 3 x 5 (cultivar x conditioning technique) factorial design was adopted. Whenever the results were significant by variance analysis, regression analysis was performed. Finally, Tukey's test was used to compare the means at P=0.05. Beet seed priming alters the potential of germination and is influenced by the cultivar and conditioning technique. Pretreatment with 1−2 mM ascorbic, gibberellic or salicylic acids, respectively, promotes beet seed germination, whereas at 1−3 mM, the growth of roots and shoots of beet seedlings is promoted. The most effective techniques to promote germination and growth of sugar beet seedlings were priming with water, salicylic acid or gibberellic acid. Key words: Beta vulgaris. Hydropriming. Gibberellic acid. Salicylic acid. Ascorbic acid. ResumoO condicionamento fisiológico é uma técnica que permite a ativação dos processos metabólicos e fisiológicos na germinação das sementes por meio da utilização de reguladores de crescimento. Desta forma, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do condicionamento fisiológico de sementes de beterraba com reguladores de crescimento. Foram utilizadas três cultivares: Early Wonder, Itapuã e Maravilha, submetidas a cinco tipos de condicionamentos: testemunha (semente não condicionada) hidrocondicionamento padrão (água), condicionamento com os ácidos salicílico, giberélico e ascórbico. Para definição dos tratamentos, foram testadas doses de 0; 1; 2 e 4 mMol.L -1 dos ácidos. Previamente ao condicionamento, foram realizadas as curvas de embebição das sementes, para determinação do tempo ideal de condicionamento, logo após, as sementes foram avaliadas quanto à porcentagem e velocidade de germinação, comprimento e massa seca de plântulas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições, separado para cada cultivar, determinando-se as dosagens adequadas. Na segunda etapa foi adotado esquema fatorial 3 x 5 (cultivares x tipo de condicionamento). Os resultados foram submetidos a análise ...
-Nowadays, image analysis is one of the most modern tools in evaluating physiological potential of seeds. This study aimed at verifying the efficiency of the seedling imaging analysis to assess physiological potential of wheat seeds. The seeds of wheat, cultivars IAC 370 and IAC 380, each of which represented by five different lots, were stored during four months under natural environmental conditions of temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH), in municipality of Piracicaba, Stated of São Paulo, Brazil. For this, bimonthly assessments were performed to quantify moisture content and physiological potential of seeds by means of tests of: germination, first count, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, seedling emergence, and computerized analysis of seedlings, using the Seed Vigor Imaging System (SVIS ® ). It has been concluded that the computerized analyses of seedling through growth indexes and vigor, using the SVIS®, is efficient to assess physiological potential of wheat seeds.
The use of high quality seeds is one of the important factors to increase productivity in areas cultivated with sunflower. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between internal morphology and germination of sunflower seeds with the X-ray test and computer-aided X-ray imaging analysis with the software Tomato Analyzer®, and check whether or not this relationship changes after a period of seed storage under different environmental conditions. For this purpose, five lots of sunflower seeds from cultivar Catissol 01 were used. They were evaluated during two experimental periods: at 0 and 4 months after storage; the first evaluation was performed to characterize the lots; after that, the seeds were stored in two environments, cold and dry chamber (10 °C and 30% relative air humidity) and non-controlled environment. The seed moisture content was determined and, after that, the seeds were submitted to the X-ray and germination tests. The X-ray analysis allowed the visualization of seed internal structure as well as the study between seed morphology and germination; the greater embryo size, in general, does not provide greater potential for seed germination; regardless of the storage conditions for the four-month period, there was no reduction in the area of the embryo.Morfologia interna e germinação de sementes de girassol RESUMO-A utilização de sementes de alta qualidade é um dos fatores preponderantes para aumentar a produtividade de áreas cultivadas com girassol. Objetivou-se investigar a relação existente entre a morfologia interna de sementes de girassol e a germinação, com a utilização do teste de raios X e análise computadorizada das imagens radiográficas com o software Tomato Analyzer ® , e verificar se essa relação se altera após o armazenamento das sementes em diferentes condições ambientais. Foram utilizados cinco lotes de sementes de girassol cultivar Catissol 01, avaliados aos 0 e 4 meses de armazenamento; na primeira época foi realizada a caracterização dos lotes; após, foi realizado o armazenamento das sementes em duas condições de ambientes, câmara fria e seca (10 °C e 30% umidade relativa do ar) e ambiente não controlado. As sementes foram avaliadas quanto ao teor de água e submetidas ao teste de raios X e de germinação. A análise radiográfica das sementes permitiu a visualização da estrutura interna da semente e o estudo entre a morfologia e a germinação; a maior área ocupada pelo embrião, de forma geral, não conferiu maior germinação para as sementes. Independentemente das condições em que as sementes permaneceram armazenadas durante quatro meses, não houve redução da área ocupada pelo embrião.Termos para indexação: Helianthus annuus L., imagens, raios X. 1
-Computerized seedling image analysis are one of the most recently techniques to detect differences of vigor between seed lots. The aim of this study was verify the hability of computerized seedling image analysis by SVIS® to detect differences of vigor between tomato seed lots as information provided by traditionally vigor tests. Ten lots of tomato seeds, cultivar Santa Clara, were stored for 12 months in controlled environment at 20 ± 1 °C and 45-50% of relative humidity of the air. The moisture content of the seeds was monitored and the physiological potential tested at 0, 6 and 12 months after storage, with germination test, first count of germination, traditional accelerated ageing and with saturated salt solution, electrical conductivity, seedling emergence and with seed vigor imaging system (SVIS®). A completely randomized experimental design was used with four replications. The parameters obtained by the computerized seedling analysis (seedling length and indexes of vigor and seedling growth) with software SVIS® are efficient to detect differences between tomato seed lots of high and low vigor.
RESUMO A produção de mudas é uma das etapas fundamentais para o cultivo do tomateiro e pode ser infl uenciada pela ABSTRACTSeedling production is an important step for the tomato production and can be infl uenced by the initial temperature of germination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of this factor in the tomato germination and seedling growth. It was used four seed lots which were tested for germination, accelerated aging and electrical conductivity to evaluate the physiological potential. After lots characterization, seeds were exposed to initial germination temperatures (20-30, 30, 33 and 35°C)
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