Abstract:In this work chitosan microspheres were prepared by the simple coacervation method and crosslinked using epichlorhydrin or glutaraldehyde for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium. The effects of the crosslinking agents on chitosan microspheres over a 12-hour period were assessed with regard to swelling, hydrolysis, porosity, crosslinking, impregnation of diclofenac sodium (DS), and consequently to the release of DS in buffer solutions, simulating the gastrointestinal tract. The degree of swelling varied with the pH for glutaraldehyde chitosan microspheres (GCM) and epichlorhydrin chitosan microspheres (ECM). Partial acid and basic hydrolysis affected the swelling behavior of the GCM matrix. Release kinetics of diclofenac sodium from these matrices were investigated at pH 1.2, 6.8 and 9.0, simulating the gastrointestinal tract conditions. The results indicated that the release mechanism deviated slightly from Fickian transport.

Hydroxyapatite samples were produced by two different wet‐chemical methods, and characterized by X‐ray diffraction, infrared (IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and compression strength measurements. The IR spectra showed the presence of CO32− ions in all samples. After the sintering, the CO32− bands almost disappeared, indicating a large release of CO32− ions by the samples, which were also confirmed by TGA. By mixing samples produced by both methods, a bioceramic was prepared and, after sintering at 900°C for 1 h, compressive strengths of 26–30 MPa were obtained.

AutoresO conteúdo dos livros e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores. Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, mas sem a possibilidade de alterá-la de nenhuma forma ou utilizá-la para fins comerciais.

Neste trabalho microesferas de quitosana reticuladas foram preparadas pelo método de coacervação simples e reticuladas com glutaraldeído e epicloridrina. Os efeitos dos agentes reticulantes nas microesferas foram testados com respeito ao grau de intumescimento, hidrólise, porosidade, reticulação, impregnação do ferro e conseqüente liberação em solução tampão pH 1,2, simulando o trato gastrointestinal. Análises de espectroscopia Mössbauer, infravermelho, análise termogravimétrica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura foram realizadas para avaliação das estruturas formadas. Palavras chaves: biopolímeros, quitosana, complexos de Fe(III), anemia

Summary: The purpose of this study was to produce malonylchitosan microspheres to be used as a pH sensitive matrix for the controlled delivery of drugs. Chitosan microspheres were obtained by the coacervation–phase separation method. The microspheres were then treated with malonic acid to obtain amidified chitosan microspheres. The resulting malonylchitosan microspheres were characterized by means of elemental analysis (CHN), infrared spectroscopy, conductometric titration and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data obtained from infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis and conductometric titration of amino groups were consistent with the N‐substitution of malonyl groups in the chitosan microspheres. In vivo studies for controlled delivery of enrofloxacin were performed in male Wistar rats and the results indicated increase and prolonged blood levels with delayed peak and improved bioavailability for malonylchitosan microspheres compared to commercial tablets.

A família Piperaceae apresenta muitos gêneros e espécies de interesse biológico, especialmente em razão do seu óleo essencial. A espécie Piper amalago L. (Piperaceae), comumente conhecida como “jaborandi manso” tem sido utilizada para o tratamento de problemas digestivos, urinários, queimaduras, atividade antimicrobiana e inseticida. O presente estudo teve caráter exploratório com objetivo de avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana e inseticida presentes no óleo essencial de P. amalago (OEPA). O óleo essencial foi obtido mediante hidrodestilação, e as análises da atividade antimicrobiana foram realizadas por meio da técnica de macrodiluição em caldo. Para o estudo inseticida, discos de folhas de couve portuguesa (Brassica oleracea var. acephala DC.) foram pulverizados com o óleo essencial e com soluções hidroalcóolicas do óleo essencial em diferentes concentrações, tendo sido avaliado o efeito da mortalidade e repelência frente a Plutella xylostella. A atividade antimicrobiana mostrou a menor CIM90 para Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 25912 na concentração de 125 µg/mL, seguidas da CIM90 para Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 e Kocuria rizophyla ATCC 9341, que foram de 250 µg/mL, seguidos da CIM90 para Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, que foi de 1.000 µg/mL. Escherichia coli ATCC 25923 e Candida albicans ATCC 10231 as CIM50 foram de 1.000 µg/mL. A atividade inseticida foi observada na concentração de 10 mg/mL, com morte de 100% (CL100) das larvas de P. xylostella e com efeito repelente na concentração 25 mg/mL. O potencial econômico do cultivo da planta medicinal P. amalago deve ser considerado, visto que seu óleo essencial apresenta importantes atividades biológicas, incluindo atividade inseticida e antimicrobiana de amplo espectro.

Objective: To describe the clinical manifestations, especially those related to rheumatology, in the infant and neonatal population with Chikungunya viral, which are described in case studies in the literature. Methods: This is about a systematic review study, conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) methodology. In order to identify the articles about the subject, the databases indexed to the BVS and SCIELO were searched, from June to July 2019, with the following search strategy: chikungunya virus and arthritis, arthralgia rheumatoid and chikungynya fever and arboviruses and arthralgia. Filters used included articles in English that have been published in the last 5 years. Manual searches were made in the bibliographic references of the articles found. Results: Six articles were reviewed, which addressed cases of Chikungunya confirmed pediatric patients. It was noticed that the main clinical manifestations were: fever, cutaneous symptoms, irritability and vomiting. Regarding rheumatologic symptoms, it was concluded that arthralgia and arthritis are uncommon in these patients, and residual arthritis is much less frequent in this age group. Conclusion: The control of the symptomatology and the dissemination of information related to the transmission of the virus helps in the promotion of health, and the complications of the disease must be known in time to be minimized.