Pour favoriser la performance, certains entraîneurs ont souvent recours au feedback (FB) verbal, à l’Observation d’un Modèle (OM) ou à l’imagerie motrice (IM) consistant à simuler mentalement réaliser une action. Cette étude avait pour but de tester les effets d’une combinaison de FB, d’OM et d’IM sur la performance du 25 m départ plongé en natation chez des non-experts. Cent-six étudiants volontaires (Mage = 19,3), aléatoirement divisés en 3 groupes : FB, FB+OM et FB+OM+IM, ont réalisé 3 phases réparties sur 6 séances. Séance 1 (pré-test), ils ont réalisé 5 × 25 m départs plongés (filmés et chronométrés). Les 4 séances suivantes (8 × 25 m départ plongé), ils recevaient un FB verbal (chaque 2 essais), ceux du groupe FB+OM bénéficiaient en plus de la vidéo et ceux du groupe FB+OM+IM s’imaginaient réaliser un plongeon après la vidéo. Séance 6 (post-test) : similaire à la séance 1. Les résultats montrent que tous les participants ont amélioré leur vitesse de coulée, mais seul le groupe FB+OM+IM a amélioré la distance de coulée et le temps sur 25 m. L’intérêt de combiner les modalités de pratique, pour améliorer le 25 m départ plongé, est discuté au regard de la littérature.
(1) Background: Motor imagery (MI) is relevantly used to improve motor performance and promote rehabilitation. As MI ability and vividness can be affected by circadian modulation, it has been proposed that MI should ideally be performed between 2 p.m. and 8 p.m. Whether such a recommendation remains effective in a hot and humid environment, such as a tropical climate, remains unknown. (2) Methods: A total of 35 acclimatized participants completed a MI questionnaire and a mental chronometry test at 7 a.m., 11 a.m., 2 p.m., and 6 p.m. Visual (VI) and kinesthetic imagery (KI) abilities, as well as temporal congruence between actual walking and MI, were collected. Ambient temperature, chronotypes, thermal comfort, affect, and fatigue were also measured. (3) Results: VI scores were higher at 6 p.m. than at 7 a.m., 11 a.m., and 2 p.m., and temporal congruence was higher at 6 p.m. than at 7 a.m. Comfort, thermal sensation, and positive affect scores were higher at 7 a.m. and 6 p.m. (4) Conclusion: Data support greater imagery ability and accuracy when participants perceive the environment as more pleasant and comfortable. MI guidelines typically provided in neutral climates should therefore be adapted to tropical climates, with MI training sessions ideally scheduled in the late afternoon.
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