In stable patients with gunshot wounds to the abdomen in whom there is no indication for immediate surgery, triple-contrast helical CT can help reduce the number of cases of unnecessary or nontherapeutic laparotomy (negative laparotomy) and can help identify patients with injuries that may be safely treated without surgery.
Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a clinical diagnosis where patients exhibit three out of the five risk factors: hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hyperglycemia, elevated blood pressure, or increased abdominal obesity. MetS arises due to dysregulated metabolic pathways that culminate with insulin resistance and put individuals at risk to develop various comorbidities with far-reaching medical consequences such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease. As it stands, the exact pathogenesis of MetS as well as the involvement of the gastrointestinal tract in MetS is not fully understood. Our study aimed to evaluate intestinal health in human subjects with MetS. Methods: We examined MetS risk factors in individuals through body measurements and clinical and biochemical blood analysis. To evaluate intestinal health, gut inflammation was measured by fecal calprotectin, intestinal permeability through the lactulose-mannitol test, and utilized fecal metabolomics to examine alterations in the host–microbiota gut metabolism. Results: No signs of intestinal inflammation or increased intestinal permeability were observed in the MetS group compared to our control group. However, we found a significant increase in 417 lipid features of the gut lipidome in our MetS cohort. An identified fecal lipid, diacyl-glycerophosphocholine, showed a strong correlation with several MetS risk factors. Although our MetS cohort showed no signs of intestinal inflammation, they presented with increased levels of serum TNFα that also correlated with increasing triglyceride and fecal diacyl-glycerophosphocholine levels and decreasing HDL cholesterol levels. Conclusion: Taken together, our main results show that MetS subjects showed major alterations in fecal lipid profiles suggesting alterations in the intestinal host–microbiota metabolism that may arise before concrete signs of gut inflammation or intestinal permeability become apparent. Lastly, we posit that fecal metabolomics could serve as a non-invasive, accurate screening method for both MetS and NAFLD.
El seno del segundo arco branquial es una alteración secundaria a un desarrollo anormal de los arcos branquiales. Las anomalías de los arcos branquiales incluyen quistes, fístulas, senos y glándulas ectópicas. Deben ser consideradas en el diagnóstico diferencial de las masas en cuello de pacientes adultos o pediátricos. El seno del arco branquial supone alrededor del 30 % de las masas congénitas del cuello y suele ser diagnosticado en la segunda a tercera década de la vida, siendo más comunes las del segundo arco. Se presenta con síntomas inespecíficos. Los estudios de imágenes son esenciales para su diagnóstico, clasificación y manejo quirúrgico. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 67 años con historia clínica y examen físico de seno del segundo arco branquial, quien requirió de fistulografía y tomografía computarizada para una adecuada caracterización. El paciente fue intervenido quirúrgicamente sin complicaciones posteriormente.
Summary
The glutaraldehyde test (GT) is performed by mixing whole blood with a 1.25 % glutaraldehyde solution. Gelification time is shorter in tuberculous cattle.
This test was performed in blood samples obtained from: (a) 48 cattle with bacteriologically confirmed tuberculous lesions; (b) 61 animals with no evidence of tuberculosis at the time of slaughterhouse inspection, 14 of which had hydatid cysts; (c) 260 tuberculin‐negative apparently healthy animals, and (d) 21 cattle, also tuberculin‐negative but serologically positive for brucellosis.
Sensitivity for detecting tuberculosis was 85.4 % (41 of 48 animals). The test was negative in 298 out of 307 healthy animals (97.1 % specificity). This specificity decreased when the test was applied in animals whith evidence of diseases other than tuberculosis.
This simple, rapid and inexpensive method could play a complementary role to the tuberculin test for detecting tuberculous cattle, especially in endemic areas with scarce resources and facilities.
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