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This article analyzes the determinants of three types of innovation output—product, process, and organizational, generated by Australian tourism firms. It examines how collaboration, human capital, information technology, funding, firm, and market characteristics impact innovation outcomes. Of the inputs, collaboration for innovation is the one with a positive impact on the three types of innovation outputs. Human capital also contributes to the innovation process. However, its impacts are strongly felt only in the generation of product and organizational innovation. Information and communication technology is vital to the implementation of operational process and organizational innovations, while funding influences the implementation of new operational processes. Of firm and market characteristics, foreign ownership, degree of competition, and firm size have significant impacts on innovation intensity among firms.

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The pandemic has caused several health issues and deaths and numerous severe devastations to the global economy. Due to the extreme impacts of the epidemics, it is crucial to investigate the pandemics and their pessimistically hidden influences to devise proper strategies. However, although this topic gains enormous recognition from scholars and researchers, there is still an inadequacy of a comprehensive literature review on the issues, and in-depth research on individual aspects of the world economy. Accordingly, the objective of this paper is to contribute a literature review that synthesises and evaluates prior research, to examine the current state of the pandemic impacts on the global economy, as well as become the requisite foundation for the practitioners to perceive how to respond to a pandemic in the future. A literature review is conducted, with 254 most relevant articles are analysed and classified based on the proposed framework. Thus, the findings of this study contribute diverse theoretical and practical insights concerning pandemics and the global economy. The results of this paper indicate the current status of the literature review and discover future research directions. Additionally, this paper proposes an integrated framework of the most influenced industries, followed by some emerging solutions to the most suffering sectors. Future research directions are further suggested based on the identified research gaps and the analysis results.

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The current world is in a period of remarkably rapid development of the world economy, which requires timely educational thinking innovation or else will quickly fall behind. Currently, education is a matter of deep concern, not only for experts in the industry but also for students who are directly studying at the university. Additionally, education has recently changed into a service business and adapted to private universities. However, since private universities are not granted much funding from the state, unlike their public counterparts, there are several pressing obstacles that the private institutions have to face, such as advancing the quality of services and achieving students' satisfaction to attract more customers and investors. This tendency has led to significant demands for a structural, comprehensive, and specific approach to measuring the standard of service delivery. Therefore, this study is released to offer an advanced and more specific approach to assess the quality of university training through the Service-Product Bundle model, along with providing the integrated model to calculate the level of student satisfaction with education quality and identifying the essential factors that affect the student satisfaction. Besides, since there are not many assessments that have been done in private universities, this study proposes to investigate the state of private education quality. The research results reveal that there are five components affecting student satisfaction, namely tuition, lecturers, serviceability, education program, infrastructure respectively. Accordingly, by detecting weaknesses, inadequacies in the learning process, the authors then contribute a basis for proposing implications and recommendations to managers of private universities in general, and FPT University Da Nang in detail, to address problems and outline the timely strategies, yet amend student satisfaction with the quality of education.