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Lesional area was estimated and lesional mast cells and eosinophils were counted during primary and challenge infestations of sheep with Psoroptes ovis. In addition, circulating basophils and eosinophils and serum P. ovis-specific immunoglobulin IgE antibody were quantified. Expansion of lesional area was significantly less and serum IgE titres significantly greater in challenge than primary infestations. Lesional mast cell hyperplasia and massive eosinophil infiltration accompanied by raised titres of P. ovis antigen-specific IgE antibody were compatible with an IgE-mediated Type-1 allergic reaction, while detection of lesional basophils was suggestive of cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity. The temporal pattern of lesional mastocytosis and eosinophil infiltration and the role of these cells and serum IgE in the immune response is discussed.

Little is known about occupational exposure to the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (CAS number 117-81-7), a compound widely used in polyvinylchloride (PVC) plastics. We have studied the uptake of DEHP in workers by determining the concentrations of four metabolites of DEHP in urine samples, i.e., mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP), mono(5-carboxy-2-ethylpentyl)phthalate, mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl)phthalate, and mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl)phthalate. In addition DEHP concentrations in the air were determined by personal air sampling. Nine workers in a PVC boot factory exposed to a maximum of 1.2 mg/m3 DEHP showed an increase in the urinary concentrations of all four metabolites over the workshift. These results were obtained on both the first and the last day of the workweek. With the exception of MEHP, the increases in the concentrations of the metabolites during a workday were statistically significant. Six workers from a PVC cable factory exposed to a maximum of 1.2 mg/m3 DEHP showed a one- to fourfold increase in the concentrations of the four metabolites over the workshift, but these increases were not statistically significant. These results indicate that measurement of DEHP metabolites in urine samples may be of use for monitoring the occupational exposure to DEHP.

Is paper WS selected for presentation by an SPE Program committee following review of information cnntained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents of the paper, as presented, have not been revtewed by the S@ety of Petroleum Englneera and are subject to mrretion by the author(s). The material, as presented, does not neceaearlly reflect anỹ ition of the society of Petroleum Engineers, ita ofricera, w members. Papers presented at SPE meetings are subject to pubK@tion retiew by Editorial Committees of the Scdety of Petroleum Englneara. Electronic reproduction, distribution, or storage of any part of this paper for mmmerdal pu~ee tithwt the written mnsent of the Sdety of Petroleum Engineers Is prohibited. Permission to raproduce In print is restricted to an absbad of not more than 300 wurds; illustrations may not be mpied.The abstrad must mntsln wnsplcuous atiowledgment of Mere and by whom the paper was preeented. Write Librartan, SPE, P.O. Mx 833636, Ritiardson, TX 7S0S3-3836, U.SA., fax 01 -972-952-%3S. AbstractFor oil production under high water cut conditions the efforts needed for de-oiling of the production water are mainly determined by the oil-droplet-size distribution of this water. This distribution is predominantly the result of droplet breakup in the choke valve. To determine the effect of the choke valve on the droplet-size distribution, we have conducted laboratory experiments in which we used a circular orifice in a circular pipe. With the help of theory on droplet break-up in turbulent flow and with knowledge of the flow field inside an orifice, a prediction of the distribution after break-up can be made. It is shown that the droplets increase in size with increasing oil viscosity and Mermore it appears that, for the description of the break-up process, the distribution of the turbulence over the orifice zone is an important factor.

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