Background: Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) was launched by the government of India on 1st April 2008 to provide BPL families of unorganized work sectors with access, choice, and, financial-risk protection for inpatient healthcare. The objective of the present study is to recognize the pros and cons by understanding the current process of RSBY implementation in Udupi Taluk of Karnataka State. Material and methods: Qualitative research method was followed. An in-depth interview was the main tool of data collection from beneficiaries and service providers. The collected information was analyzed in a thematic manner. Results: Factors that inhibit service utilization from beneficiaries' perspective were rejection from the hospitals, lack of awareness, and availability of fewer services. Acceptance by the hospital is one of the main factors that is encouraging the service utilization. From providers' perspective satisfaction of certain bona fides through the scheme was driving the service delivery. Negative aspects include No reimbursement and No proper guidelines from State Government. Conclusion: Delay and uncertainty in the payment of claims by the insurance companies is the major reason informed by the hospitals for not providing treatment to the card holders. For people to gain back the confidence in the government schemes like RSBY, these concerns like delay in reimbursements, lack of awareness, fewer services, etc. reported would have to be addressed as the progress towards universal health coverage is hindered by negative perceptions impacting the trust in the RSBY. There is an urgent need to address this issue for RSBY to maintain its credibility.
Background: Incidence of breast cancer in India is on raise and shows a 3-4 fold variation across the country. Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, a total of n = 181 histopathologically confirmed breast cancer cases who visited the tertiary Government hospitals during the period March 2016 to March 2017 were studied. Results: Majority of the patients (n = 108) are of the age group 40 to 59 years. Most of the women (n = 112, 61.9%) belong to the Socioeconomic class of Backward caste. Right breast is the common site of occurrence of breast cancer. Histological Grade II (n = 95, 59.0%) is highly predominant. Invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST), is the most common histological type of breast tumor in 173 (95.6%) patients. Clinical stages of T2 (n = 76, 42%), N1 (n = 68, 37.6%) and M0 (n = 163, 90.1%) were the most common stages. Triple negative breast cancer was noticed in (n = 24, 28.9%) out of 83 patients analysed. Modified radical mastectomy (n = 134, 74.0%) is the common surgical procedure followed in treating breast cancer. The total claim amount paid ranged from Rs. 10000 to 49999/-(US$ 154.98-US $ 774.88) with the Mean cost incurred being Rs. 48,477/-(± Rs. 29,082 SD) which equals to US$ 748.97. Conclusion: Majority of the patients are diagnosed at a later stage due to lack of awareness and access to preventive diagnostic services. Region specific research and planning evidence based preventive programs is the need of the hour.
Background: Chronic pain is very common in Asian communities. It is a major cause of activity limitation and has a significant impact on individuals and society. One of the most common ailment for which patients seek for medical care is pain. This study was performed in the urban area to study the association of some of the modifiable risk factors of chronic pain. Objective: To estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors of chronic pain among adults residing in the Urban area of Udupi Taluk in Karnataka, India. Methods: The cross-sectional study included 360 participants of above 18 years of age. The participants were recruited using Simple Random Sampling technique from January 2017 to June 2017. Descriptive and analytical methods were used to estimate the prevalence and to identify the associated risk factors. Results: It was observed during the study that prevalence of chronic pain for adults older than 18 years was 62%. Low back pain and knee pain were the common ailments reported. About 50% of those who reported chronic pain, had the complaint for more than 5 years and reported more than six in Visual analogue scale. The postural factors associated with chronic pain were lifting weight, bend trunk heavily during work, repetitive movement of neck, trunk and shoulder, lifting hand above shoulder level and experience of fall. Conclusion: Present research revealed that higher prevalence of chronic musculoskeletal pain exists in the urban population of Udupi Taluk, which was influenced by repetition of same joint movement, trauma and depression irrespective of the other risk variables.
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