Background: Incidence of breast cancer in India is on raise and shows a 3-4 fold variation across the country. Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, a total of n = 181 histopathologically confirmed breast cancer cases who visited the tertiary Government hospitals during the period March 2016 to March 2017 were studied. Results: Majority of the patients (n = 108) are of the age group 40 to 59 years. Most of the women (n = 112, 61.9%) belong to the Socioeconomic class of Backward caste. Right breast is the common site of occurrence of breast cancer. Histological Grade II (n = 95, 59.0%) is highly predominant. Invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST), is the most common histological type of breast tumor in 173 (95.6%) patients. Clinical stages of T2 (n = 76, 42%), N1 (n = 68, 37.6%) and M0 (n = 163, 90.1%) were the most common stages. Triple negative breast cancer was noticed in (n = 24, 28.9%) out of 83 patients analysed. Modified radical mastectomy (n = 134, 74.0%) is the common surgical procedure followed in treating breast cancer. The total claim amount paid ranged from Rs. 10000 to 49999/-(US$ 154.98-US $ 774.88) with the Mean cost incurred being Rs. 48,477/-(± Rs. 29,082 SD) which equals to US$ 748.97. Conclusion: Majority of the patients are diagnosed at a later stage due to lack of awareness and access to preventive diagnostic services. Region specific research and planning evidence based preventive programs is the need of the hour.
Objective
The aim of this retrospective study is to systematically examine the cases registered under the Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisement) Act, 1954 (DMR (OA)), and identify the bottlenecks that hinder the effective implementation of the Act in the state of Andhra Pradesh.
Methods
A total of n = 58 court cases that were declared as convicted/acquitted under the DMR (OA) Act, 1954, by the final judgment during the period of January 2014–March 2017 were studied retrospectively.
Key findings
Misleading claims advertised for the treatment of fevers in general 36.2% were significantly higher. Diabetes 15.5% and asthma 8.6% were the other diseases. The majority of the cases 77.6% were declared either as convicted or acquitted in the final judgement within a time span of 1 year from the date of court case registration. Most of the convicted companies were in the Himachal Pradesh of India (28%). Ambiguity regarding the regulations of dietary supplements, Indian Systems of Medicine & herbal products, ayurvedic cosmetics, varying regulatory infrastructure across different states and nonuniformity of interpretation with reference to the licensing system was identified as the probable reasons that deter the effective implementation of the Act.
Conclusion
The global problem of SF medical products can be tackled only when the governments take radical steps. Considering the recommendations of Dr. R.A. Mashelkar Committee faster and strict implementation of the rules besides improving the coordination at every level is the greatest need of the hour.
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