-The timing of seed treatment application is important to keep soybean seeds quality. Therefore, the aim of this study was verify the effect of fungicides and insecticides treatment in soybean seeds quality before and after storage. Seeds of NS 7494, NS 8693 and NS 7338 IPRO were utilized and analyses separately, through a factorial scheme 3x6, with three application moments: treated and assessed; treated, stored and assessed; stored, treated and assessed; and six combination of fungicides and insecticides:
As pimentas constituem um dos principais produtos da olericultura brasileira. O interesse das indústrias por espécies picantes, como a pimenta Habanero, tem crescido a cada ano, sobretudo para a produção de molhos e preparados desidratados, o que aumentou a demanda no mercado por sementes de qualidade. O autor teve, através desta pesquisa, por objetivo avaliar os efeitos das épocas de colheita das sementes e da secagem na qualidade das sementes de pimenta Habanero Yellow. Foram utilizadas sementes extraídas de frutos em quatro épocas de colheita (E1 - 50, E2 - 60, E3 - 67 e E4 - 67 DAA e mantidos em repouso por 7 dias após a colheita). As sementes extraídas dos frutos em diferentes épocas de colheita foram submetidas a quatro métodos de secagem: secagem artificial, aos 45 °C, até 8% de teor de água; secagem artificial, aos 35 °C, até 20% de teor de água, seguida de secagem aos 45 °C, até 8% de teor de água; secagem artificial, aos 35 °C, até 8% de teor de água; e secagem natural à sombra até 8% de teor de água). A qualidade fisiológica das sementes antes da secagem foi avaliada por meio dos testes de germinação, emergência e envelhecimento acelerado, além da análise das isoenzimas esterase, superóxido dismutase, peroxidase, malato desidrogenase, álcool desidrogenase e da endo-β-mananase. Após a secagem, a qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi avaliada por meio dos testes de germinação, emergência e deterioração controlada. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes é máxima aos 67 DAA, quando os frutos estão completamente maduros. Maiores valores de germinação e vigor são observados em sementes secadas aos 35 ºC.
Harvest of maize seeds with high moisture levels has been recommended; nevertheless, after harvest, the ears undergo the process of husking and there is a need to assess the compatibility of these processes. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of mechanical husking on the quality of maize seeds collected at high moisture levels. Dent BM 3061 hybrid maize seeds, manually collected from the ear, with moisture contents of 45%, 40% and 35%, and a 20/64 round sieve were used. The ears were mechanically husked (CWA machine, 312 rpm), dried in a stationary drier at 35 ⁰C until reaching 22% moisture, followed by drying at 42 ºC until reaching 12%. Then, they underwent shelling, followed by a chemical treatment with Maxin® + K-obiol® + Actellic®. Seed quality was assessed according to the occurrence tests of mechanical damage, first count, germination, seedling emergence, emergence speed index, average emergence time, electrical conductivity, accelerated aging, cold test, and seed health test at every quarter for 9 months. The mechanical husking affects maize seed quality, depending on the degree of seed moisture at harvest and on the material studied. This hybrid's seeds can be collected with seed moisture levels at 40% with the use of mechanical husking.
Resumo: A crescente demanda por forrageiras tem impulsionado o desenvolvimento da indústria sementeira no Brasil que busca oferecer sementes de qualidade com valor agregado por meio de tecnologias. O cultivar Mulato II é a primeira espécie híbrida de braquiária comercializada no Brasil. Foi desenvolvido a partir do cruzamento de três espécies de Urochloa (U. brizantha x U. decumbens x U. ruziziensis). O revestimento de sementes é uma técnica de tratamento na pré-semeadura capaz de melhorar o desempenho das plantas no campo. Porém, o revestimento pode acarretar problemas com relação à qualidade das sementes. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar o efeito do revestimento de sementes sob a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de braquiária híbrida cv. Mulato II. A pesquisa foi conduzida no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes, da Universidade Federal de Lavras -MG, com delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 6x2, sendo seis lotes de sementes, sem e com incrustação. Os testes fisiológicos utilizados foram: germinação, emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, tempo médio de emergência, tetrazólio e análise da enzima α-amilase. O revestimento das sementes de Braquiária híbrida cv. Mulato II reduz a viabilidade, a velocidade de germinação, a germinação, a velocidade de emergência de plântulas e a porcentagem de plântulas emergidas da espécie, comprovada pela redução da expressão da enzima α-amilase. Palavras-chave: Brachiaria. Incrustamento. Tratamento pré-semeadura. Abstract:The increasing demand for fodder has driven development of the seed industry in Brazil, which seeks to provide value-added quality seeds by means of technology. The Mulato II cultivar is the first hybrid species of brachiaria to be marketed in Brazil. It was developed from the crossing of three species of Urochloa (U. brizantha x U. decumbens x U. ruziziensis). Coating seeds is a pre-sowing technique, which is able to improve plant performance in the field. However, the coating can lead to problems of seed quality. Given the above, the aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of seed coating on physiological quality in seeds of the hybrid brachiaria cv. Mulato II. The research was carried out at the Laboratory for Seed Analysis of the Federal University of Lavras, in the state of Minas Gerais, (MG), using a completely randomised design, in a 6 x 2 factorial, six seed batches, with and without incrustation. The physiological tests carried out were: germination, emergence, speed of emergence index, average time of emergence, tetrazolium, and α-amylase (enzyme) analysis. Seed coating in the hybrid brachiaria cv. Mulato II reduces viability, speed of germination, germination, speed of seedling emergence and the percentage of emerged seedlings, demonstrated by a reduced expression of the α-amylase enzyme.
Fungi are considered as the most important among pathogens due to the higher number of species and to the damage caused both in yield and in seed quality. Thus, aimed to verify the effect of fungicide and insecticide treatment on sanitary quality and physiological performance of soybean seeds before and after storage. Seeds from cultivars NS 7494, NS 8693 and NS 7338 IPRO were used, which were analyzed separately by a completely randomized design in a 3 x 6 factorial design, being three chemical treatment applications: 1) treated and evaluated; 2) treated, stored and evaluated; 3) stored, treated and evaluated; and six mixtures of fungicides and insecticides: (Imidacloprido + Tiocarbe) + (Carbendazim + Tiram), (Imidacloprido + Tiocarbe) + (Metalaxil-M + Fludioxonil), Thiamethoxam + (Carbendazim + Tiram), Thiamethoxam + (Metalaxil-M + Fludioxonil), (Fipronil + Piraclostrobina + Metil-tiofanato) and the control, which was added only water. The healthy test, germination, cold and accelerated aging tests were evaluated. Seed treatment products require at least two months to be effective in controlling Penicillium spp. and Fusarium spp. The mixtures containing Carbendazim + Tiram in its composition are efficient in the control of pathogens regardless of the application time of products.
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