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Background Impacts of social isolation measures imposed by COVID-19 Pandemic on mental health and quality of life of older adults living with dementia and their caregivers remain unexplored. Studies have shown that psychoeducational and psychosocial interventions can manage behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD) and reduce the emotional burden on family members when applied in home-setting scenarios. Method a comprehensive systematic review of useful interventions for easing the BPSD burden in patients with dementia (PwD) and their caregivers in the context of COVID-19 quarantine was performed from January 2010 to March 2020. Results From a total of 187 articles retrieved from electronic databases (MEDLINE, LILACS, Cochrane and SCOPUS), 43 studies were eligible for this review. Most of the psychosocial and psychoeducational interventions described were person-centered strategies based on the cognitive-behavioral approach or informational tools to enhance care providers’ knowledge of dementia. Most studies achieved successful results in handling BPSD and mood-anxiety symptoms of care providers, contributing to an overall improvement in dyad life quality. Conclusion Evidence from the last few years suggest that low-cost techniques, tailored to the dyad well-being, with increasing use of technology through friendly online platforms and application robots, can be an alternative to conventional assistance during COVID-19 Pandemic. Nevertheless, the world’s current experience regarding the duration of the COVID-19 Pandemic and its effects on the cognition, behavior, and life quality of PwD will demand research on preventive and protective factors of dementia and the pursue of efficient interventions in different scenarios.

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is an insidious presenile neurodegenerative disorder presenting with personality changes, compulsive behaviors, psychosis, apathetic, aberrant, and elated mood and behavior. No psychopharmacologic strategy has proven to be efficacious in the treatment of FTD yet. This is a case report of FTD in a 53-year-old male engineer whose alcohol abuse, but not other compulsive behaviors, responded to topiramate. Alcohol exerts reinforcing effects on cortico-mesolimbic dopamine pathways through the disinhibition of the inhibitory effects of gamma-amino-butyric acid-A neurons in the ventral tegmental area. Topiramate is a sulfamate-substituted fructopyranose derivative that may antagonize the reinforcing effects associated with the abuse liability of alcohol by modulation of cortico-mesolimbic dopamine function. On the basis of the mechanism of action of topiramate, we discuss the possible specificity of action of topiramate to control abusive drinking, but not to treat other clinical symptoms of FTD.

ObjectiveThe prevalence of dementia has been increasing particularly in developing countries but care provision is still limited in these regions. Psychosocial interventions are recognized as useful tools to improve cognitive and behavioral difficulties, as well as quality of life of people with dementia (PwD) and their caregivers. Cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) is an evidence‐based psychosocial intervention, recommended and implemented in many countries. In Brazil, there is no validated psychosocial intervention for dementia care. The present study aims to explore feasibility and obtain preliminary data on the efficacy of CST‐Brasil in a sample of 47 people with mild to moderate dementia attending an outpatient unit.MethodsA single‐blind design was used, with participants being randomly allocated to either 14 sessions of CST + treatment as usual (TAU; n = 23) or TAU (n = 24) during 7 weeks. Changes in cognition, quality of life, depressive symptoms, caregiver burden and functionality were measured.ResultsPwD receiving CST and their family caregivers expressed good acceptance of the intervention, with low attrition and high attendance. Participants receiving CST exhibited significant improvements in mood and in activities of daily living compared to TAU. There were no significant effects in cognition, quality of life and caregiver burden.ConclusionsCST‐Brasil proved to be a feasible and useful intervention to improve mood in PwD, with high acceptance between study participators. CST‐Brasil is a promising psychosocial intervention for dementia and should be explored in other clinical settings to allow generalization to a wider Brazilian context.

Day care (DC) provides a break in daily care as a support strategy for family caregivers (FC) of people with dementia (PwD). Objective: to analyze the support strategies used by the DC for FC, their methodological and theoretical models, as well as the respective benefits for FC burden, coping strategies and quality of life. Methods: a systematic review following the Prisma methodology was performed on PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus and SciELO electronic databases in August, 2018. The search keywords were “day care”, “dementia” or Alzheimer disease, “caregiver”, “quality of life” and “psychological adaptation”. Results: twenty-one studies were included. No randomized controlled trials were found. The provision of education, counseling and support, access to information, the professionals' expertise and the quality of their relationship with DC users were highlighted by caregivers. Compared to standard programs centering on PwD, the integrated program focused on PwD and FC activities showed increased feelings of competence and self-confidence of FC to postpone institutionalization. Heterogeneity in the structure and organization of the DC programs, intervention strategies and theoretical basis was observed. Conclusion: Integrated programs are a promising approach that addresses the needs and demands of PwD and their FC in a multidimensional manner.

Os sintomas não cognitivos que ocorrem nos processos neurodegenerativos, denominados sintomas comportamentais e psicológicos na demência (SCPD) 1 , ocorrem ao longo da evolução da doença em cerca de 60% dos pacientes com demência 2 . Eles estão associados com maior desgaste do cuidador, maior morbidade 3 e também apresentam correlação com declí-nio cognitivo mais rápido 4 . Além disso, estes sintomas aumentam o risco de institucionalização precoce 5 e também o custo dos cuidados do paciente com doença de Alzheimer (DA). Na atual classificação de SCPD, a Psicose da DA 6 e a Depressão da DA 7 têm merecido atenção especial, não apenas pelo fato de poderem se constituir em categoria diagnóstica própria, mas também pela possibilidade de desenvolvimento de estratégias medicamentosas especificamente adapta- SintomaS neuropSiquiátricoS naS demênciaSRelato preliminar de uma avaliação prospectiva em um ambulatório do Brasil RESUMO -Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar sintomas comportamentais e psicológicos na demência e correlacionar o nível de dependência funcional, declínio cognitivo e sintomas neuropsiquiátricos em pacientes ambulatoriais. Foram avaliados, em 12 meses, 35 idosos com demência (critérios do DSM-IV) com o mini-exame do estado mental (MEEM), escala de estadiamento clínico das demências (CDR), inventário neuropsiquiátrico (INP) e escala de atividades funcionais (QAF). Através da correlação de Spearman foram comparados os estados cognitivo, funcional e comportamental na primeira e na última entrevista. Os subgrupos com e sem psicose foram comparados entre si quanto ao desempenho cognitivo e funcional, utilizando-se o teste de Mann-Whitney. Houve declínio do MEEM e melhora do INP ao longo de 12 meses. Do total da amostra, 58,8% apresentaram sintomas depressivos, 55,9% agitação, e 41,2% delírios. Houve correlação significativa entre QAF e o MEEM, a escolaridade e o INP, mas não com tempo de doença. A presença de sintomas psicóticos foi mais prejudicial para a independência dos pacientes. Sintomas psicóticos podem ser um importante fator preditivo para maior declínio funcional em pacientes ambulatoriais com síndrome demencial. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: demência, pacientes ambulatoriais, sintomas neuropsiquiátricos.neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementias: preliminary report of a prospective outpatient evaluation in Brazil ABSTRACT -This study aimed to evaluate the behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD) and to correlate the level of the functional dependence, cognitive decline and neuropsychiatric symptoms in outpatients. In this prospective study, 35 elderly with dementia (DSM-IV) were evaluated over the course of one year with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ). Spearman correlation was used to compare cognitive, functional and behavioral symptoms in the first and last visits. The psychotic versus non-psychotic subgroups were compared by means of cognitive and functional performa...