The aim is to carry out the analysis of the disease incidence of students and to scientifically substantiate the directions of improving health and fitness activity in the physical education of the students of special medical groups. Materials and methods: The study was conducted at Zhytomyr National Agroecological University in 1992-2019. The main pedagogical experiment involved 681 students (209 males and 472 females, aged 17-22). The research methods included theoretical methods (the analysis and synthesis of literary sources, the analysis of curricula, the assessment of the quality of classes with the students of special medical groups, the study and analysis of the medical cards of students); empirical methods (pedagogical observations, the methods of mathematical statistics). Results: The study determined that more than 57.6 % students of higher educational establishments of Ukraine had an unsatisfactory level of physical fitness, significant physical disabilities, diseases; from 10.9 to 20.5 % students had an insufficient level of physical fitness and significant health disorders; from 8.1 to 17.4 % students belonged to a special medical group; from 0.4 to 1.2 % students were exempt from sports and had chronic diseases and disabilities. Conclusions: The quality of the physical education process in special medical groups depends on the interconnection of all the components that affect its efficiency, including an outlook, motives, interests, the attitude of students to physical education and health-improving activities; the students’ desire to overcome their health disabilities; individual characteristics of students; the means, forms, methods, and principles of physical self-improvement; material and technical support of educational and health and fitness events.
El artículo explora las peculiaridades de la actitud motivadora basada en el valor de los jóvenes estudiantes modernos de Ucrania hacia las clases de educación física y el mantenimiento de un estilo de vida saludable. 501 estudiantes de tres instituciones de educación superior de Ucrania participaron en el estudio. La investigación fue realizada por los cuestionarios de los autores que permitieron estudiar la actitud de los estudiantes hacia la educación física tradicional, la salud física extracurricular y las actividades deportivas, así como para encontrar las razones que impiden a los estudiantes realizar ejercicios físicos regulares y mantener un estilo de vida saludable. Los resultados mostraron la falta de motivación de los jóvenes estudiantes de Ucrania para las clases tradicionales de educación física que conducen a un bajo nivel de aptitud física y salud de los futuros especialistas.
El artículo ofrece el método de los autores de un enfoque diferenciado para la educación física de estudiantes adolescentes en clases de educación física. El método es la diferenciación de los estudiantes de una clase y género en grupos homogéneos y la diferenciación de la actividad física de diferentes orientaciones dependiendo de la edad biológica de los estudiantes. Los estudiantes (niñas de 12-13 años (n = 220) y niños de 14-15 años (n = 226)) de escuelas secundarias de Kiev (Ucrania) participaron en la investigación. Se establecen las relaciones de tiempo para planificar el desarrollo de diferentes cualidades físicas de los estudiantes que tienen una edad biológica lenta y acelerada, y aquellos cuya edad biológica corresponde al tiempo cronológico.
The aim: To justify the appropriate levels of physical capabilities development in 12-13-years-old girls with different levels of physical health. Materials and methods: The research involved 101 12-13-years-old female high-school students. The choice of the female high-school students of this age is due to the greatest variability of their morphofunctional state. The physical health of the girls was assessed according to the method of H. L. Apanasenko. Physical fitness was assessed with the help of 13 motor tests that determine different aspects of girls’ physical capabilities. Results: Appropriate normative standards of physical fitness for 12-13-years-old girls with different levels of health and rational parameters of physical activity were determined. It was established that a rational option for planning physical training for 12-13-years-old girls is: 26 % of time should be spent on strength development; speed and strength qualities and agility – by 22 %; endurance – 18 % and speed qualities – 12 %. Conclusions: It was found that the main principle of the implementation of developmental and health-oriented training sessions for physical education of adolescents is the differentiated use of loads and assessment of their physical fitness. Calculated with the help of correlation coefficients and regression equations, the appropriate values of physical development in 12-13-years-old girls with different levels of physical health make it possible, using appropriate exercises, to eliminate deviations in their health indicators.
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