Surfaces were prepared with polyelectrolyte derivatives of poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride) (PSMA) functionalized with amino acids of different hydropathy indices, with the aim of evaluating the effect of the chemical functionality of polyelectrolytes on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell adhesion. Functionalizing PSMA derivatives with L-glutamine, L-methionine and L-tyrosine yielded PSMA-Gln, PSMA-Met and PSMA-Tyr polyelectrolytes, respectively. We first studied the adsorption behavior of PSMA functionalized with amino acids on silicon wafer surfaces modified with 3aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) at pH 4.0 and 7.0 and at low and high ionic strength. The highest rate of polyelectrolyte adsorption was at pH 4.0 and high ionic strength, and was higher with the glutamine and tyrosine films. The advance contact angles (qA) of the polyelectrolyte surfaces showed a moderate effect of ionic strength and pH on polyelectrolyte film wettability, with PSMA-Tyr being slightly more hydrophobic. AFM images of the polyelectrolyte surfaces showed two types of morphology: the welldefined globular nanostructure of PSMA-Met and PSMA-Tyr, and the densely packed nanofibrous-like structure of PSMA-Gln. The highest level of ionic strength caused a slight decrease in size of the nanostructure that formed the surface domains, which was reflected in the degree of surface roughness. Cell adhesion assays with polyelectrolyte film showed that SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells cultured on PSMA-Met present a well-extended morphology characterized by a stellate shape, with five or more actin-rich thin processes, while SH-SY5Y cells that where seeded on PSMA-Gln and PSMA-Tyr have a round morphology, with fewer and shorter processes. These results indicate that it is possible to modulate the surface characteristics of polyelectrolyte films based on their chemical functionality and environmental parameters such as pH and ionic strength, in order to evaluate their effect on cell adhesion. Thus, surfaces prepared from polyelectrolytes functionalized with amino acids are an attractive and simple platform for cell adhesion, which can be used in developing biomaterials with modulated surface properties.
Inhibiting pathogenic bacterial adherence on surfaces is an ongoing challenge to prevent the development of biofilms. Multilayer polyelectrolyte films are feasible antibacterial materials. Here, we have designed new films made of carbohydrate polyelectrolytes to obtain antibacterial coatings that prevent biofilm formation. The polyelectrolyte films were constructed from poly(maleic anhydride- alt-styrene) functionalized with glucofuranose derivatives and quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine) N-alkyl. These films prevent Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella Typhimurium, two important bacterial contaminants in clinical environments, from adhering to surfaces. When the film was composed of more than 10 layers, the bacterial population was greatly reduced, while the bacteria remaining on the film were morphologically damaged, as atomic force microscopy revealed. The antibacterial capacity of the polyelectrolyte films was determined by the combination of thickness, wettability, surface energy, and most importantly, the conformation that polyelectrolytes adopt the function of nature of the carbohydrate group. This polyelectrolyte film constitutes the first green approach to preventing pathogenic bacterial surface adherence and proliferation without killing the bacterial pathogen.
Surfaces were prepared with polyelectrolyte derivatives of poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride) (PSMA) functionalized with amino acids of different hydropathy indices, with the aim of evaluating the effect of the chemical functionality of polyelectrolytes on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell adhesion. Functionalizing PSMA derivatives with L-glutamine, L-methionine and L-tyrosine yielded PSMA-Gln, PSMA-Met and PSMA-Tyr polyelectrolytes, respectively. We first studied the adsorption behavior of PSMA functionalized with amino acids on silicon wafer surfaces modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) at pH 4.0 and 7.0 and at low and high ionic strength. The highest rate of polyelectrolyte adsorption was at pH 4.0 and high ionic strength, and was higher with the glutamine and tyrosine films. The advance contact angles (q A) of the polyelectrolyte surfaces showed a moderate effect of ionic strength and pH on polyelectrolyte film wettability, with PSMA-Tyr being slightly more hydrophobic. AFM images of the polyelectrolyte surfaces showed two types of morphology: the well-defined globular nanostructure of PSMA-Met and PSMA-Tyr, and the densely packed nanofibrous-like structure of PSMA-Gln. The highest level of ionic strength caused a slight decrease in size of the nanostructure that formed the surface domains, which was reflected in the degree of surface roughness. Cell adhesion assays with polyelectrolyte film showed that SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells cultured on PSMA-Met present a well-extended morphology characterized by a stellate shape, with five or more actin-rich thin processes, while SH-SY5Y cells that where seeded on PSMA-Gln and PSMA-Tyr have a round morphology, with fewer and shorter processes. These results indicate that it is possible to modulate the surface characteristics of polyelectrolyte films based on their chemical functionality and environmental parameters such as pH and ionic strength, in order to evaluate their effect on cell adhesion. Thus, surfaces prepared from polyelectrolytes functionalized with amino acids are an attractive and simple platform for cell adhesion, which can be used in developing biomaterials with modulated surface properties. The following files are available free of charge.
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