The aim of the article is characteristics of mechanisms of pragmatics distraction in communication of active participants of modern Ukrainian plays with features of the theatre of the absurdity. Structural and contextual mechanisms of dialogic speech depragmatization are singled out on factual material. In a dramatic dialogue absurdity is explained as a purposeful instruction to convey the thought about illogicalness and chaotic nature of reality, the aimlessness of a human being. The main methods of the study are descriptive, context-interpreting and presuppositional. Деструкція комунікативної прагматики в сучасних абсурдистських... 196 © Корольова Вал ерія & Ірина Попова Study results. One of absurdity occurrence mechanisms is depragmatizationpurposeful non-normative usage of language pragmatic resources. We identify structural and contextual violations within depragmatization. Structural violations are characteristic for an absurdist drama in which characters' cues do not have illocutionary and thematic coherence. Another type of structural violations is conscious violations of formal structure of linguistic units. Role exchange, during which an active participant takes over someone else's communicative role, is an example of contextual depragmatization. Within contextual violations we also identify the group of cognitive violations which is based on non-observance of causally consecutive and logical connections. Anomalies based on an arbitrary choice of language stylistic means, which are uncoordinated with general principles of stylistic formalization of the text, are considered the contextual variety of depragmatization. Conclusions. Structural and contextual communicative violations are used by playwrights to activate the sense of the situational absurdity depicted in a work. Active participants of drama of the absurdity communicate without communicative purpose and taking into account situational needs, which results in actualization of pragmatic potential of used linguistic units, falsification of meaningful speech.
The experience of using information space in the process of students’ work over a course paper in linguistics has been examined in the article. The importance of information and communication technologies in this type of educational activity is determined. There are three levels of students’ information and communication activities depending on the development of the students’ information competence and the involvement of information and communication technologies as the main and auxiliary resources for writing a course paper. Adaptive, productive and creative levels of information and communication activities are highlighted. The type of the above-mentioned student actively engages various online platforms for surveys, classifications and processing of the source base of research, etc. It is stressed that information resources are mostly used at the preparatory stage and less in the final one. The need to create a single information base of linguistic resources has been emphasized.
The proposed study, treating dramaturgic text as a result of author's communication, defines dramaturgic discourse as author's modeling system in the text of a play of internal and external communication. In Ukrainian linguistics there are three approaches to dramaturgic text studying (linguocentric, cognitive, communicative). Taking into account achievements of all three approaches we consider analysis of the communicative organization of contemporary dramaturgic discourse to be relevant, given the specifics of Ukrainian drama. The purpose of our work is to study the communicative space of contemporary Ukrainian drama, outline its structural organization and communicative peculiarities. The purpose mentioned above has determined the need to fulfill the following tasks: to establish the communicative structure of contemporary Ukrainian dramaturgic discourse; to outline the main functions of communication in a dramaturgic text; to define the key features of modern drama that influence the communicative space of plays. Dramaturgic discourse is the action of a narrator and narrate fulfilled through text, structurally divided into two levels: external and internal communication. Clear delineation of a playwright's position in the field of paratex which always has a definite position in the text of a play makes it possible to identify author's direct communicative part within the external communication of a playwright with a reader. Personal interaction represents internal communication expressed in dramaturgic forms of speech and reflected in numerous speech acts. The reader in internal communication appears to be "an inactive witness". The macrostructure of dramaturgic discourse is the division of a play into communicative events (the totality of effective communicative actions aimed at achieving a communicative goal that has a clear spatial-temporal restriction and has a stable composition of communicative partners). Further division of communicative drama space is defined as a hierarchical Chapter «philological sciences» chain of units of different levels which include a communicative actiona communicative module-a speech (communicative) move-a speech act. The last component is the smallest entity represented in a statement which is generated and pronounced for a certain purpose and is caused by a certain motive for a practical or foreseeable action done through language. Key features of modern drama influencing the work's communicative space include the following: change of dramaturgic time and space, removal of all sorts of taboos, variety of characters, genre experiment and game element. As a result, there is an increase in the dialogicity of contemporary dramaturgic discourse, structural expansion and stylistic branching of paratext components of a play, the transformation of character's linguistic personality and its communicative activity, the destruction of boundaries between external and internal communication within the context of contemporary Ukrainian play.
Background. In the article the vital questions of syntax of the present-day Ukrainian language are touched, syntax represents the top stratum of language organization and in itscompetence there are its own speech chains as the communicative creations that guarantee a process of communication. In spite of the diversity of ways of approach to the study of language phenomena, the profound and thorough description of universal notions and categories remains the most important in its theory. We believe that at a level of syntax the language universals includesuch basic categories as the syntactic unit, the syntactic connection and the syntactic model thatcontinue to remain within eyesight of the linguists despite the numerous investigations. Purpose.The aim of the present scientific research is to make an attempt of the carefulinterpretation of one of the basic categories, namely the syntactic unit, in context of the system approach to the comprehension of the syntactic level of language as a base for the different aspects – formal and syntactic, semantic and syntactic, functional and communicative.Methods. The process of substantiation of the categorial status of the syntactic unit involvesthe fundamental theoretical and methodological principles in the research of present-day Ukrainianand general linguistics, in particular the point of the systematic character of the language andspeech phenomena. The following methods of investigation – observation, description, analysis of lexical definitions, generalization, comparison, systematization, transformation and modelling –have become the main methodological substratum in opening the essence of the syntactic unit (itsdefinition, status, typology, process of modelling).Results. In the article it is given a review of achievements from the previous period of the linguistic studies in treating such a syntactic construct as a unit. In context of the terminologicalsystem of present-day modern syntax it is analysed the existent determinations of the syntactic unitas one of the basic syntactic notions, it is proposed the proper definition of the syntactic unitadjusted for the structural and functional peculiarities. Thus, the syntactic unit is defined as thespeech chain that is grammatically regulated and marked in a functioned way, is represented by a free meaningful sequence of word forms, even by a separate word form. This determination gives anopportunity to qualify any speech structure with a plane of expression (the grammatical means of connection) and a plane of content (the information of semantic character or character marked in afunctioned way) as the syntactic unit. The character of the grammatical ordering of the speech chains and their functions, thedegree of linguistic significance are different both in a plane of their content and in a plane of theirexpression, therefore it appears the necessity of gradation of the syntactic units, first and foremost,in the field of significance of hierarchical relations between them. It is distinguished four subsets of the plural number of the syntactic units in the Ukrainian language: basic, main, derivative and peripheral (analytical, analytical and search). Two units are basic (the peculiar language universals) – a word as an elementary, minimal lexical component of the speech chain and astructure as a definite sequence of words that also represents a kind of speech chain. The mostimportant link in the system of the syntactic units is represented as the basic units, the formation ofwhich is possible only with inclusion of the determined criteria, parameters: adequacy to thegrammatical order of the Ukrainian language; determination formed in a functioned way; generalization within limits of performed functions is maximally possible; completeness and selfsufficiency; connectedness with other units of the whole system. The suggested system of basic syntactic units includes six components: word form, expression, word combination, sentence, text, larger-then-the-sentence unity. The word form is interpreted as a structurally minimal syntactic unit that functions either as a communicatively significant component of a certain speech chain, or as an independent syntactic formation; a phrase as a combination of two or more full words (word forms) based only on a subjunctive correlation; a word combination as a combination of two or more full words on the basis of a conjunctive correlation or other semantic-grammatical relations, which is not actually a subjunctive correlation; a sentence as a certain predicative syntactic formation consisting of a word (or its analogue) or a syntactically connected group of words (or their analogues) and performing a communicative function; the text as a communicatively significant, formally and semantically completed speech formation, built with a certain pragmatic purpose; larger-then-the-sentence as a combination of two or more sentences, which are connected by formal linguistic means of lexical or grammatical nature and united by a common theme, a guide to the content of a separate act of communication. The main syntactic units are defined as conceptual categories. Derivative units appear due to the derivational detailing of the main syntactic units. They are different subclasses within a certain syntactic construction according to their functional and structural characteristics within a certain syntactic construction. Their system, which is related to operational categories, is flexible and constantly changing. The analytical units, built on the basis of categories of traditional formal-grammatical syntax, and analytical-search units, which are emphasized in the context of certain new, original as opposed to classical syntax concepts occupy a certain place in the system of syntactic units. The fact that syntactic units are a huge, even theoretically endless set of various constructions has led to the syntactic analysis of speech chains of a special and optimally effective method − the method of linguistic modeling. In this work, three notions of the concept of model are foregrounded: structural or functional analogue of the studied phenomenon; a peculiar metalanguage or the system of some rules within which the researcher studies the grammar of the language and states the results of their research; and a certain linguistic unit. The samples of models (graphical or analytical, or both) of all basic syntactic units are proposed by using two operations of image-mapping and its contamination.Discussion. The analyzed material once again shows that the specificity of the syntax is clearly identified both in terms of its expression and in terms of its content. The syntactic unit as one of the main, fundamental categories of syntax is clearly defined in the work, the typology of these constructs is given and their models are offered. The object of further research may be derived units, in particular their detailing, analytical and search units due to the fact that new syntactic theories and approaches to the analysis of speech chains, modelling of derived units of the Ukrainian language appear.
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