El objetivo fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de cinco versiones distintas del Cuestionario de Estilo Personal del Terapeuta (ETP-C), el cual indaga cinco funciones de la actividad terapéutica: Atencional (búsqueda de información), Operativa (intervenciones terapéuticas), Instruccional (establecimiento del encuadre terapéutico), Expresiva (grado de expresividad emocional) y de Involucración (compromiso). Para este estudio participaron 471 terapeutas de Argentina, quienes completaron la versión original del ETP-C, compuesta por 36 ítems. Luego se compararon los indicadores de ajuste de los cinco modelos disponibles del cuestionario. Se obtuvo que la versión portuguesa del EPT-C compuesto por 20 ítems, es el que mejores indicadores de ajuste presenta a pesar de que la confiabilidad del mismo no fue satisfactoria. Se discuten implicaciones teóricas y prácticas para la investigación en psicoterapia.
In this paper we present a new instrument called Social Skills Questionnaire for Argentinean College Students (SSQ-U). Based on the adapted version of the Social Skills Inventory - Del Prette (SSI-Del Prette) (Olaz, Medrano, Greco, & Del Prette, 2009), we wrote new items for the scale, and carried out psychometric analysis to assess the validity and reliability of the instrument. In the first study, we collected evidence based on test content through expert judges who evaluated the quality and the relevance of the items. In the second and third studies, we provided validity evidence based on the internal structure of the instrument using exploratory (n = 1067) and confirmatory (n = 661) factor analysis. Results suggested a five-factor structure consistent with the dimensions of social skills, as proposed by Kelly (2002). The fit indexes corresponding to the obtained model were adequate, and composite reliability coefficients of each factor were excellent (above .75). Finally, in the fourth study, we provided evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. The obtained results allow us to conclude that the SSQ-U is the first valid and reliable instrument for measuring social skills in Argentinean college students.
La Escala Breve de Autocontrol (BSCS, por sus siglas en inglés) es un instrumento de autoinforme ampliamente utilizado para evaluar el autocontrol. Sin embargo, existen desacuerdos respecto a su estructura interna. En este trabajo se realizaron una serie de análisis factoriales confirmatorios (AFC) con el fin de comparar estructuras uni y bidimensionales en una muestra de 848 estudiantes universitarios argentinos (663 mujeres y 185 varones), con un rango etario comprendido entre 18 y 30 años. De manera complementaria, se evaluó la consistencia interna, el ajuste de los modelos teóricos propuestos sobre la estructura interna de la escala, y se realizó un estudio de evidencia de validez de grupos contrastados. A partir de los resultados, se concluyó que el modelo post hoc unidimensional propuesto por Tangney, Baumeister y Boone (2004) es la opción que mejores propiedades psicométricas presentó para ser utilizado con fines de investigación en muestras de estudiantes universitarios argentinos. Palabras clave: autocontrol, Escala Breve de Autocontrol (BSCS), modelos rivales, análisis factorial confirmatorio, consumo de sustancias.
ResumenEl presente estudio analizó las investigaciones que desarrollan instrumentos psicométricos para evaluar habilidades sociales y otros constructos emparentados, tales como asertividad, competencia social y autoeficacia social, en América Latina. Se analizaron 37 estudios publicados en revistas y tesis, como así también en anales y resúmenes de congresos en el periodo 1990-2013. Se estudiaron los índices de productividad y de colaboración, además de los constructos de los estudios. Los resultados indican que 2003 y 2009 fueron los años de mayor producción, y que los países más productivos fueron Brasil y Argentina. Los estudios fueron desarrollados por diversos grupos de investigación y sólo unos pocos autores han publicado más de un artículo dentro del período de estudio. Existe una tendencia a trabajar en grupos reducidos de dos o tres autores y el constructo más evaluado es habilidades sociales, especialmente en poblaciones de niños y estudiantes universitarios. Los estudios psicométricos desarrollados con mayor frecuencia incluyen el análisis de confiabilidad y validez basados en la estructura interna, utilizando análisis factorial exploratorio.Palabras clave: habilidades sociales, bibliometría, evaluación, Latinoamérica.
AbstractThe present study analyzed the research which develop psychometric instruments to assess social skills and related concepts such as assertiveness, social competence and social self-efficacy, in Latin America. 37 studies published in journals and theses, as well as in conference proceedings and records for the period 1990-2013 were analyzed. We studied productivity and collaboration indexes, as well as the construct of the studies. The results indicate that 2003 and 2009 were the years with the higher productivity, and that Brazil and Argentina were the most productive countries. The studies were developed by diverse groups of researchers, and only a few authors have published more than one article within the period. There is a trend to work in small groups of two or three authors, and the construct with the larger amount of research was social skills, especially among children and college students. The psychometric studies that were most frequently developed include evaluations of reliability and validity based on the internal structure, using exploratory factor analysis.
The feeling of social connectedness is an extremely important factor for the psychosocial well-being of individuals. Experiencing closeness, belonging, and mutual acknowledgement with the people who are part of the social circle, contributes to the establishment and maintenance of positive and stable relationships over time, as well as numerous benefits regarding the quality of life and mental health of individuals. In order to contribute to the field of study of interpersonal relationships, this study aims to adapt and validate the Social Connectedness Scale for Argentinean adults. The sample consisted of 399 individuals between the ages of 18 and 79 who completed the scale which was previously translated and submitted to expert judges. The results confirmed the one-dimensional structure of the scale, invariant by sex, with good internal consistency (ω = .92). Furthermore, evidence of convergent and discriminant validity was provided through correlations with measures of extroversion (rp=.37) and social anxiety (rp = -.61). It is concluded that the measures provided by the Argentinean version of the social connectedness scale are both valid and reliable to be used in research, as well as in clinical settings in Argentinean population.
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