Endometriosis is the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterus. Spontaneous abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) is any ectopic endometrium found superficial to the peritoneum without the presence of any previous scar. Rarely, endometriosis represents a disease of specific interest to the general surgeon, on account of its extrapelvic localisations. We describe a case with spontaneous AWE presenting as a painful mass with cyclic symptoms. A 28-year-old woman presented to the day-surgery division of our department, suffering from a painful mass in the left lower abdominal quadrant. A mobile mass of 5 x 4 cm was identified. The initial diagnosis was lipoma and excision was planned. During the operation two masses were spotted, very close to one another, and were excised within healthy limits. Pathology revealed endometrial glands surrounded by a disintegrating mantle of endometrial stroma and fibrous scar tissue in which there was a scattering of leucocytes. The woman had no scars. She was discharged from hospital after 2 hours. Two years after the excision she is free of disease and no recurrence has been observed. Spontaneous AWE is rare, accounting for 20% of all AWEs. The triad ; mass, pain and cyclic symptomatology helps in the diagnosis, but unfortunately it is not present in all cases. Spontaneous endometriomas are usually diagnosed by pathology and the treatment of choice is surgical excision.
In chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C, progenitor cell activation is correlated with the grade and stage of disease. Proliferating progenitor cells may play a role in hepatic regeneration occurring in this setting.
Nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma (NCMH) is a benign tumor that was described in 1998. The occurrence of this lesion in the nasal cavity of infants and children is especially rare, with only 21 cases reported in the international literature. We report a 12-month-old boy with respiratory distress due to nasal obstruction. Computed tomographic scan and magnetic resonance imaging examination demonstrated a soft-tissue mass obstructing the left nasal cavity. Digital subtraction angiography and preoperative superselective embolization with microparticles were also performed. The tumor was completely resected surgically. Histopathology and immunohistochemical analyses of the tumor disclosed a NCMH. The imaging characteristics of the tumor are described and the radiology literature is reviewed.
Objective: HER-2 is overexpressed in a variety of human malignant tumors and has been widely used in the prognosis and treatment of breast cancer. In urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder, some reports have shown an association between HER-2 overexpression and worse outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the association between HER-2 expression and other clinicopathologic parameters in 48 patients treated for primary non-muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Methods: The initial expression of HER-2 in tumor specimens and its expression upon disease recurrence following instillation therapy (BCG, Mitomycin, or Epirubicin) were studied. Results: HER-2 expression was significantly increased between these two timepoints. In multivariate analysis, HER-2 expression at the time of diagnosis was found to be the only independent factor and was associated with reduced recurrence free survival. Conclusions: HER-2 status could be an additional biomarker for predicting the outcome of nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer, which could help identify high-risk patients for recurrence and possible progression who require close observation and perhaps radical treatment, such as early cystectomy.
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