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This study assesses the relationship between two well-established sets of frames to better understand the news coverage of massive political protests. By relying on Semetko and Valkenburg’s generic frames and McLeod and Hertog’s protest frames, this study aims to identify whether certain generic frames emphasized in news stories increase the tendency to delegitimize protest movements. To this end, we analyzed the news coverage of Chile’s Estallido Social, a series of massive political demonstrations that developed across the country from October to December 2019. Data for this study come from stories published by Radio Bío Bío, the most trusted news outlet in the country, according to Reuters Institute. By analyzing a sample of 417 stories, we found the coverage replicated patterns that usually delegitimize protest movements, as many of the stories focused on violent acts and depicted demonstrators as deviant from the status quo. We also found a direct relationship between generic frames and protest frames, in which the presence of the former determines that of the latter. Generic frames provide information about how the news media interpret and package the news, which in turn affects demonstration-related features that the news media pay attention to. As such, we argue that combining both generic and issue-specific frames is a helpful approach to understanding the complexities of protest news coverage.

Most of the published approaches and resources for offensive language and hate speech detection are tailored for the English language. In consequence, cross-lingual and cross-cultural perspectives lack some essential resources. The lack of diversity of the datasets in Spanish is notable. Variations throughout Spanish-speaking countries make existing datasets not enough to encompass the task in the different Spanish variants. We manually annotated 9834 tweets from Chile to enrich the existing Spanish resources with different words and new targets of hate that have not been considered in previous studies. We conducted several cross-dataset evaluation experiments of the models published in the literature using our Chilean dataset and two others in English and Spanish. We propose a comparative framework for quickly conducting comparative experiments using different previously published models. In addition, we set up a Codalab competition for further comparison of new models in a standard scenario, that is, data partitions and evaluation metrics. All resources can be accessed through a centralized repository for researchers to get a complete picture of the progress on the multilingual hate speech and offensive language detection task.

La siguiente investigación presenta los resultados de un estudio mixto de carácter exploratorio, cuyo objetivo es identificar si las características del ejercicio periodístico se ven influidas por el enfoque de género, en el contexto de los debates presidenciales chilenos. Como corpus de análisis, se utilizaron las transcripciones de siete debates presidenciales televisados, organizados por ANATEL (Asociación Nacional de Televisión), emitidos entre los años 1989 y 2017. A partir de un análisis de contenido realizado a 758 enunciados (emitidos por 13 periodistas mujeres y 22 hombres) y un análisis de comparación constante, se pudo identificar que, al contrario de lo que describe la teoría, las periodistas se comportan de manera similar a sus pares masculinos, construyendo sus preguntas principalmente sobre temáticas hard news, enfocándolas en torno a la ejecución y financiamiento de políticas públicas y respaldándolas con el uso de datos. Además, se observa que adoptan un rol cívico-perro guardián, respondiendo a las expectativas tradicionales en torno al ejercicio del periodismo; en cambio, los hombres adoptan un rol cívico-antagónico. Se concluye que los debates, al ser una instancia neutral con reglas preestablecidas, disminuye la inequidad y desigualdades entre periodistas según su género, reduciendo las barreras existentes en las salas de redacción.