MALDI fingerprinting was first described two decades ago as a technique to identify microbial cell lines. Microbial fingerprinting has since evolved into an automated platform for microorganism identification and classification which is now routinely used in clinical and environmental sectors. The extension of fingerprinting to mammalian cells has yet to progress partly due to compartmentalization of eukaryotic cells and overall higher cellular complexity. A number of publications on mammalian whole cell fingerprinting suggests that the method could be useful for classification of different cell types, cell states, and monitoring cell differentiation. We report the optimization of MALDI fingerprinting workflow parameters for mammalian cells and its application for differential profiling of mammalian cell lines and two component cell line mixtures. Murine fallopian tube cells and high-grade ovarian carcinoma cell lines and their mixtures are used as model mammalian cell lines. Two-component cell mixtures serve to determine the method's feasibility for complex biological samples as the ability to detect cancer cells in a mixed cell population. The level of detection of cancer cells in the two-component mixture by principle component analysis (PCA) starts to deteriorate at 5% but with application of a different statistical approach, Wilcoxon rank sum test, the level of detection was determined to be 1%. The ability to differentiate heterogeneous cell mixtures will help further extend whole cell MALDI fingerprinting to complex biological systems.

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Migraine is the third most prevalent disease worldwide and current therapies provide only partial relief. Greater insight into molecular migraine mechanisms would create novel therapies. Cytoskeletal flexibility is fundamental to neuronal-plasticity and is dependent on microtubule dynamicity. Histone-deacetylase-6 (HDAC6) decreases microtubule dynamics by deacetylating its primary substrate, α-tubulin. We use validated models of chronic migraine to show that HDAC6-inhibition is an effective migraine treatment and reveal an undiscovered cytoarchitectural basis for migraine chronicity. The human migraine trigger, nitroglycerin, produced chronic migraine-associated pain and decreased neurite growth in pain-processing regions, and these were reversed by HDAC6 inhibition.Cortical spreading depression (CSD), a physiological correlate of migraine aura, also caused decreased cortical neurite growth, while administration of HDAC6-inhibitor restored neuronal complexity and decreased CSD. Our results demonstrate that disruptions in neuronal cytoarchitecture are a feature of chronic migraine, and evolving migraine therapies might include agents that restore microtubule stability and neuronal plasticity.

Migraine is the third most prevalent disease worldwide but the mechanisms that underlie migraine chronicity are poorly understood. Cytoskeletal flexibility is fundamental to neuronal-plasticity and is dependent on dynamic microtubules. Histone-deacetylase-6 (HDAC6) decreases microtubule dynamics by deacetylating its primary substrate, α-tubulin. We use validated mouse models of migraine to show that HDAC6-inhibition is a promising migraine treatment and reveal an undiscovered cytoarchitectural basis for migraine chronicity. The human migraine trigger, nitroglycerin, produced chronic migraine-associated pain and decreased neurite growth in headache-processing regions, which were reversed by HDAC6 inhibition. Cortical spreading depression (CSD), a physiological correlate of migraine aura, also decreased cortical neurite growth, while HDAC6-inhibitor restored neuronal complexity and decreased CSD. Importantly, a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist also restored blunted neuronal complexity induced by nitroglycerin. Our results demonstrate that disruptions in neuronal cytoarchitecture are a feature of chronic migraine, and effective migraine therapies might include agents that restore microtubule/neuronal plasticity.