In this study, we investigated the influence of soil cultivation method on the productivity and quality of pasture grass fodder. We found that increasing the depth of cultivation from 8–10 cm to 20–22 cm (using surface tillage with disk implements) improved the productivity of all the grass species studied – <em>Phleum pratense</em>, <em>Lolium perenne</em>, <em>Festuca </em><em>orientalis</em>, <em>Dactylis glomerata</em>, <em>Bromus </em><em>inermis</em>, <em>Phalaris arundinacea</em>, <em>Festuca</em><em> </em><em>rubra </em>– by an average of 2%–3% at an LSD₀₅ of 0.30 t ha⁻¹, over a period of 3 years. On average, the most important factor influencing the production of 1 ha of dry mass appeared to be the species of grass, accounting for 57% of the variation. The depth of soil tillage was also important, accounting for 43% of the variation. Of all the species studied, the highest productivity was exhibited by <em>Lolium perenne </em>(0.35 t ha⁻¹ of dry weight). Increasing the soil cultivation depth led to an increase in the content of crude protein and albumen (0.9%–1.1%). According to the analysis of organic matter content and digestibility of the fodder, across the different depths of soil cultivation, the early ripening species <em>Dactylis glomerata</em>, and the average ripening species <em>Festuca </em><em>orientalis</em>, <em>Lolium perenne</em>, and <em>Bromus </em><em>inermis</em>, performed best. Considering the different depths of soil cultivation, <em>Lolium perenne </em>[154 g; surface tillage (disking) 8–10 cm] and <em>Festuca</em><em> </em><em>orientalis </em>(152 g; ploughing 20–22 cm) provided the most fodder units with digestible protein.

In article it is specified that the first in potentials of fertility soil of Ukraine and first of all chernozems, in recent years owing to a deviation of technologies from it is general the accepted developed zone recommendations and violation of fundamental laws of agriculture, key indicators of fertility significantly lose. Their structure worsens, the maintenance of a humus, organic matter, macro-and minerals decreases. Specified adversely affects productivity of crops that it is especially shown as in a zone of the southern steppe, and in general in Ukraine including due to changes of climatic conditions. Level of productivity of agricultural plants first of all limits security with their moisture which without the optimum content of organic matter by the soil does not keep, is quickly lost on unproductively evaporations, but not on formation of productivity. That most influences growth and development of plants, occupies the second place among factors food. The best conditions of providing plants with nutrients are created on body of a mineral system of fertilizer. It is expedient to bring them compatibly in evidence-based norms. Under such circumstances use of fertilizers most fully remains the existing parameters of fertility of the soil and even improves and especially for proved watch of crops in a crop rotation. At the same time in the last decades volumes of introduction of organic chemistry are significantly reduced that negatively affects a condition of fertility of soils. At the same time there is an urgent need for the most expedient use of mineral fertilizers, selection of their types, forms and ratios for increase in productivity and key indicators of quality of crops. Mineral fertilizers it is necessary to gather additionally taking into account growth of dryness of a zone irrespective of moistening level, they were absorbed by the soil, were evenly distributed in it and were effectively used by plants. At the same time fertilizers are introduced have to affect well key indicators of fertility of soils and to maintain in them positive balance not only basic elements of food, and a humus. In article it is reasonable that liquid mineral fertilizers both simple, and difficult, have certain advantages in efficiency in comparison with types, more widespread in application, firm (loose and granulated) fertilizers.

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Землеробство, рослинництво, овочівництво та баштанництво favorable conditions for forming the highest grain yield and high level of crop profitability. For example, on average in the years of researches, in wheat plants of winter variety Zamozhnist, under this variant of fertilizer the grain yield at the level of 4.99 t/ha was formed, and the conditionally net profit per 1 ha of crops in the above mentioned variant was UAH 17484.5, and the profitability level was 127.6%, which exceeded the variant without fertilizers when growing the same variety by 58.2 and 56.2%, respectively. Growing the variety Zamozhnist provided the lowest cost per unit of production for fertilizing Escort-bio crops against the background of mineral fertilizers, where it amounted to 2746.1 UAH / t, which is 18.1% less than for winter wheat in control without fertilizers. Formation of grain yield and economic efficiency indicators of winter barley cultivation depended on the variety and microfertilizers. It was found that the pre-sowing treatment of the latter seeds contributed to 5.97-6.84 t/ha of grain. At the same time, the highest rates of economic efficiency of cultivation were recorded for the cultivation of the Deviatyi Val variety and the use of fertilizers Mifosat-1 and Chelat Kombi. Thus, the conditionally net income for this variant of experience was the highest and amounted to 17108,4 UAH / ha. It should be noted that the cost of growing grain of winter barley of the Deviatyi Val was 2298.8 UAH / t, which provided a level of profitability of 108.8%.

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У статті наведені результати досліджень з вивчення ефективності оброблення посівів ячменю ярого сучасними рістрегулюючими препаратами по фону внесення мінеральних добрив, проведених в 2013-2017 рр. на чорноземі південному в умовах Степу України. Варіанти живлення рослин істотно впливали на процеси росту і розвитку сортів ячменю ярого. Так максимальною висотою вирізнялися рослини за вирощування на фоні внесення мінеральних добрив та позакореневого підживлення посівів у період вегетації препаратом Ескортбіо. Процеси нагромадження сирої надземної маси рослинами ячменю ярого у 2013-2017 рр. залежали від низки факторів, зокрема від погодно-кліматичних умов року, фону живлення, і найбільш інтенсивними були у період від фази виходу рослин у трубку до колосіння. За вирощування ячменю ярого сорту Еней накопичення сирої біомаси рослин у роки досліджень відбувалося дещо інтенсивніше, ніж у рослин сортів Адапт та Сталкер. У середньому за роки досліджень, у контролі сирої біомасирослин сорту Еней у фазу молочної стиглості зерна-1013 г/м 2 , що на 49-118 г/м 2 або на 4,8-11,6% більше порівняно з сирою масою рослин сортів Адапт і Сталкер. Таку ж тенденцію спостерігали і по іншим варіантам досліду. Найбільшу кількість сирої надземної маси формували рослини сорту Еней за внесення мінеральних добрив під передпосівну культивацію в дозі N 30 P 30 та проведення позакореневого підживлення посівів препаратом Ескорт-біо-1632 г/м 2. Максимальною врожайність сортів ячменю ярого в усі роки досліджень формувалася за вирощування культури на фоні внесення помірної дози мінеральних добрив та позакореневого підживлення посівів препаратами Органік Д2 та Ескорт-біо. Так, у середньому за роки досліджень та по фактору сорт,